What are the actions of salicylates? (Select one that does not apply)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because salicylates do not have antihypertensive actions. Salicylates, like aspirin, are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. They work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Antihypertensive medications work differently to lower blood pressure and are not a characteristic action of salicylates. Salicylates can even cause adverse effects on blood pressure in some individuals. This makes choice D incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Probenecid is a medication used to treat gout by increasing the excretion of uric acid. 2. Common side effects include nausea and rash, which are important to monitor in patients. 3. Nausea can affect adherence to treatment, while rash may indicate an allergic reaction. 4. Retinal damage (B), bone marrow suppression (C), and hepatotoxicity (D) are not associated with probenecid use. 5. Therefore, monitoring for nausea and rash (A) is crucial for patient safety and treatment effectiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Colchicine. Colchicine is used for acute management of gout by reducing inflammation and pain caused by gout attacks. It works by inhibiting the inflammatory response to urate crystals in the joint. Allopurinol, Febuxostat, and Probenecid are not used for acute gout attacks; they are used for long-term management to lower uric acid levels and prevent future gout attacks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vasculitis. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis can lead to inflammation and damage to blood vessels, affecting various organs and tissues. This can result in serious complications and even death. In contrast, while infections, cardiovascular impairment, and chronic kidney disease are common in SLE patients, they are not the most common causes of death. Infections can be managed with appropriate treatment, cardiovascular impairment can be controlled with medications and lifestyle changes, and chronic kidney disease can be managed through dialysis or kidney transplant. Vasculitis, on the other hand, can be more unpredictable and severe in SLE patients, making it the most common cause of death among this population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alcoholic persons. Alcohol interferes with folate absorption and metabolism, leading to folate deficiency. Alcoholic persons often have poor dietary intake and impaired absorption of nutrients, including folate. Folate deficiency can result in megaloblastic anemia and other health issues. A: Strict vegetarians generally have a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency rather than folate deficiency. C: Patients who have undergone stomach surgery may have reduced absorption of nutrients, but the question specifically focuses on folate deficiency, which is more associated with alcohol consumption. D: Persons who take a low fiber diet may have inadequate nutrient intake, but this choice does not directly relate to folate deficiency caused by alcohol consumption.