ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Nursing Neurological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
What action should you take for a patient experiencing a generalized seizure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loosening restrictive clothing during a generalized seizure ensures airway patency and comfort. Supine positioning risks aspiration, restraints and tongue blades are unsafe, and a hypothermia blanket is irrelevant.
Question 2 of 5
A 14-year-old male presents with a witnessed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Prior to the seizure event, he felt anxious, confused, and diaphoretic. Medical history is significant for recently diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus, and he has been struggling to control his blood glucose levels. His only medication is an insulin regimen administered via needle and syringe injections. He denies any alcohol or drug use. Laboratory tests were obtained. Which of the following is the best next step in management?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A single seizure with hypoglycemia risk (diabetes, poor glucose control) and prodrome (anxiety, diaphoresis) suggests a provoked event. Education on glucose management prevents recurrence; AEDs are for epilepsy, not single provoked seizures.
Question 3 of 5
A 29-year-old African American woman presents with bilateral facial weakness. This symptom developed over the course of a few hours and has never happened before. Upon further questioning, the patient reports seeing her pulmonologist every 6 months to follow her lung function and seeing her ophthalmologist annually for an eye exam. Neurological exam is significant for the patient being unable to smile, or raise her eyebrows. There is also an erythematous and tender nodule affecting the pretibial surfaces of both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain shows leptomeningeal enhancement. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bilateral facial weakness, erythema nodosum (pretibial nodules), and leptomeningeal enhancement with systemic involvement (lung monitoring) suggest neurosarcoidosis, a granulomatous disease.
Question 4 of 5
The chemical messenger between neurons or a neuron and its target muscle is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemicals released into the synapse to transmit signals from one neuron to another or to a target muscle.
Question 5 of 5
Multiple sclerosis results from an autoimmune disease that primarily involves
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the myelin sheath, impairing nerve signal conduction and causing neurological deficits.