ATI LPN
Questions for Cardiovascular Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Weakness for 2-3 months. Labs: Na 135, Cl 105, K 3.0, HCO3 18, CRE 1.8, BUN 22, glucose 110, PO4 1.2, PCO2 30, pH 7.31, hematocrit 25%; urinalysis shows +1 protein, 2+ glucose, normal sediment, UPC 4.2 and UAC .25, UNa 30, UK 20, UCl 80. Which ONE of the following is a CHARACTERISTIC of the renal abnormality present in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of significant proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia suggests nephrotic syndrome. Immunoelectrophoresis showing monoclonal proteins indicates multiple myeloma, often associated with renal complications.
Question 2 of 5
Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients who have structural heart disease but no signs or symptoms of heart failure are placed in Class I of the NYHA Classes. Class II patients have current or previous symptoms of heart failure. Class III patients have current or previous symptoms of heart failure, such as dyspnea or fatigue. Class IV patients have advanced structural heart disease and marked symptoms at rest.
Question 3 of 5
You're providing diet discharge teaching to a patient with a history of heart failure. Which of the following statements made by the patient represents they understood the diet teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Limiting frozen meals (D) aligns with reducing sodium intake (recommended 2-3 g/day), unlike A (too high), B, and C (high-sodium foods).
Question 4 of 5
Which information is most important for the nurse to include when teaching a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension is usually asymptomatic until target organ damage has occurred. Lifestyle changes(e.g., physical activity, dietary changes) are used to help manage BP, but drugs are needed for most patients. Home BP monitoring should be taught to the patient and findings checked by the health care provider frequently when starting treatment for hypertension and then every 3 months when stable.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse obtains the following information from a patient newly diagnosed with prehypertension. Which finding is most important to address with the patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommendations for preventing hypertension include exercising aerobically for 30 minutes most days of the week. A weight that is 5 pounds over the ideal body weight is not a risk factor for hypertension. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension(DASH) diet is high in fiber, but increasing fiber alone will not prevent hypertension from developing. The patient's alcohol intake is within guidelines and will not increase the hypertension risk.