ATI LPN
Fluid Electrolyte Balance and Nutritional Needs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Water makes up % of the body's weight in a healthy adult.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a healthy adult, water constitutes approximately 60% of body weight.
Question 2 of 5
The patient had diarrhea for 5 days and developed an acid-base imbalance. Which statement would indicate that the nurse's teaching about the acid-base imbalance has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diarrhea causes metabolic acidosis through loss of bicarbonate, which is a base. Eating less sodium during diarrhea increases the risk of ECV deficit. Although diarrhea does remove fluid from the body, it also removes sodium and bicarbonate which need to be replaced. Rapid deep respirations are the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis and should be encouraged rather than stopped.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a head injury and whose level of consciousness fluctuates. The provider prescribes a full liquid diet progressing to a pureed diet as tolerated. Before initiating feedings, it is essential that this client undergo which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients at high risk for aspiration, such as those with decreased consciousness, require a swallowing examination to ensure safe oral feeding. A chest x-ray is not mandatory unless chest trauma is suspected, a nasogastric tube is premature without swallowing assessment, and olfactory nerve testing assesses smell, not swallowing safety.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is one of the nutritional problems of the elderly?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced physical activity can lead to a decrease in appetite among the elderly, making it harder for them to consume adequate nutrition.
Question 5 of 5
According to MyPlate, what should half of the grains a person consumes be?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At least half of the grains consumed should be whole grains, according to MyPlate guidelines.