Vivid dreaming occurs in which stage of sleep?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: REM sleep is when vivid dreaming occurs, with rapid eye movements.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Total patient care thrives with many nurses and few patients, allowing one nurse to fully manage each client's needs e.g., dressing changes, meds, and education. This contrasts with functional nursing (task-based), team nursing (group effort), or primary nursing (continuity-focused), offering intensive, individualized attention when staffing is ample, optimizing resource use and patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ancient Chinese dressed male infants in girls' clothes to confuse demons, believing males attracted evil spirits e.g., during infancy rites. Unlike Egyptian, Indian, or Babylonian customs, this reflects spiritual protection beliefs, offering historical insight into cultural health practices relevant to nursing's cultural competence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anastacia Giron-Tupas was PGH's first Filipino chief nurse, a trailblazer e.g., elevating local leadership post-American rule. Delgado (PNA president), Sotejo (educator), and Tupas (unrelated) differ. Her tenure marked a shift toward Filipino autonomy in healthcare, influencing nursing's national identity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Quadriplegia isn't an oral temp contraindication e.g., a paralyzed patient can still hold a thermometer if alert. NGT (obstruction), dyspnea (breathing interference), and nausea (gagging risk) preclude it. Nurses use alternatives (axillary) here, per safety protocols, ensuring accurate readings.