ATI LPN
Immune System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Vaccination is best described as prevention of severe disease by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because vaccination involves prior exposure to an infectious agent in an attenuated or weakened form. This exposure triggers the immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells, providing immunity against future infections. Choice A is incorrect as deliberately introducing a virulent strain can lead to severe disease instead of prevention. Choice C is incorrect as antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not prevent viral diseases like vaccines. Choice D is incorrect as vaccines primarily stimulate adaptive immune responses, not innate immune responses.
Question 2 of 5
Which clinical situation may increase the risk of blood transfusion reaction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Multiple blood transfusions. Receiving multiple blood transfusions increases the risk of developing antibodies against donor blood, leading to transfusion reactions. Iron-deficiency anemia (B) and low RBC count (D) are conditions that may necessitate blood transfusions but do not inherently increase the risk of transfusion reactions. Completing a cross and match blood test (C) is a standard procedure to ensure compatibility and reduce the risk of reactions, thus it does not increase the risk of a transfusion reaction.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dependent edema. In right-sided heart failure, the weakened right ventricle fails to effectively pump blood, leading to fluid retention and congestion in the systemic circulation. This results in dependent edema, typically seen in the lower extremities. Pulmonary crackles (B) are associated with left-sided heart failure due to fluid accumulation in the lungs. Shortness of breath (C) is a common symptom of both left-sided and right-sided heart failure. Chest pain (D) is not a typical finding in right-sided heart failure unless there is an underlying cause such as myocardial infarction.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is completing an assessment for a client who has a history of unstable angina. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in unstable angina, chest pain typically lasts longer than 15 minutes due to reduced blood flow to the heart. Choice B is incorrect because pain in unstable angina is not always relieved by rest. Choice C is incorrect as pain can occur at rest in unstable angina. Choice D is incorrect as patients with unstable angina may experience chest pain even at rest.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has pernicious anemia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Initiate weekly injections of vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, leading to poor absorption of vitamin B12. Injecting B12 bypasses the need for intrinsic factor. Increasing dietary iron (B) is not indicated for pernicious anemia. Administering oral B12 (C) is ineffective due to poor absorption. Providing folic acid supplements (D) is not the primary intervention for pernicious anemia.