ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Under normal circumstances, the kidneys produce about ___ liters of glomerular filtrate per day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys filter ~180 liters of glomerular filtrate daily (B) in adults, based on a GFR of 125 mL/min (180 L/day), far exceeding urine output due to reabsorption. 1,000 L (A) is excessive, 110 L (C) underestimates, and 7.5 L (D) is too low, making B the correct physiological value.
Question 2 of 5
Within each kidney, the interlobar veins empty their blood into the renal vein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Interlobar veins collect blood from arcuate veins and drain into the renal vein (A), a true venous pathway in kidney anatomy. False (B) would deny this standard flow, making A the correct statement.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is not one of the 3 external coverings of the kidney?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The kidney's coverings are the renal capsule (A), adipose capsule (B), and renal fascia (C). Renal adventitia (D) is not a standard term for kidney layers, making D the incorrect option.
Question 4 of 5
A patient's renal calculus is analyzed as being very high in uric acid. To prevent recurrence of stones, the nurse teaches the patient to avoid eating
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uric acid stones form from high purine intake, found in organ meats and sardines (C), so avoiding these prevents recurrence. Dairy (A) affects calcium stones, legumes (B) are less relevant, and spinach (D) relates to oxalate stones, making C specific.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with renal calculi is hospitalized with gross hematuria and severe colicky left flank pain. Which nursing action will be of highest priority at this time?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe colicky pain (B) in renal calculi demands immediate analgesia for relief, a priority over fluids (A), monitoring (C), or antiemetics (D), which address secondary issues. Pain management enhances patient comfort and stability, making B the top action.