True or false: Initial treatment regimens for community-acquired pneumonia are empiric and epidemiological and clinical clues should be considered when selecting an empiric regimen.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This statement is true because initial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia is empiric, relying on epidemiological patterns and clinical presentation to guide antibiotic selection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pulmonary disorders that result in increased pulmonary vascular resistance impose a high afterload on the right ventricle. The resultant right ventricular hypertrophy known as cor pulmonale may progress to right ventricular failure as the lung disease worsens. Biventricular failure is most often the result of primary left ventricular failure that progresses to the right. Cor pulmonale is not associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Only 3% of MIs occur in the right ventricle.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The forward effects of heart failure cause inadequate perfusion of the brain and may lead to restlessness, mental fatigue, confusion, anxiety, impaired memory, generalized fatigue, activity intolerance, and lethargy. Stupor is not a symptom of the forward effects of heart failure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A Digoxin level of 5 ng/mL indicates toxicity (>2 ng/mL); hold the dose and notify the physician (C).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Blood from the superior vena cava enters the right atrium, passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, and exits via the pulmonary semilunar valve to the lungs.