ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
True for platelet aggregation in vascular injury?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in the process of hemostasis after vascular injury. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the site and change shape to form a plug, a process known as platelet aggregation. This is important for stopping bleeding. Vasodilation (choice A) typically occurs after vasoconstriction to help with blood flow. Clotting factors (choice B) are essential in the coagulation cascade but not directly involved in platelet aggregation. Serotonin (choice D) is released by platelets during aggregation but does not directly stimulate the process. Therefore, the correct answer is C as platelets changing shape is a key step in platelet aggregation during vascular injury.
Question 2 of 5
Which statement is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antibodies are opsonins. Antibodies are proteins produced by B-cells that can bind to antigens, marking them for destruction by phagocytic cells. Opsonins enhance phagocytosis by promoting the binding of pathogens to phagocytes. This statement is correct because antibodies can act as opsonins. B: B-cells can't recognize naive antigen - Incorrect. B-cells can recognize and respond to naive antigens through their B-cell receptors. C: T-cells recognize naive antigen - Incorrect. T-cells also recognize and respond to naive antigens through their T-cell receptors. D: T-helper cells not important for cytokines - Incorrect. T-helper cells play a crucial role in orchestrating the immune response by producing cytokines that regulate immune cell activities.
Question 3 of 5
Why do older people have weaker immune systems?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because older people tend to have lower levels of plasma proteins, such as antibodies, which play a crucial role in immune function. This results in a weaker immune response to pathogens. Explanation: 1. Plasma proteins are essential for immune defense. 2. Aging leads to a decline in plasma protein levels. 3. Lower plasma protein levels weaken the immune system's ability to fight infections. Summary: B and C are incorrect because bone marrow and platelets are not directly related to immune system weakening in older individuals. D is incorrect as lymphocytes becoming more reactive would actually suggest a stronger immune response, not a weaker one.
Question 4 of 5
A clinic nurse is caring for a client admitted with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse has assessed that the client is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are most likely related to the onset of which complication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy. This condition, also known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), is a common neurological complication of AIDS. It is caused by direct infection of the central nervous system by the HIV virus, leading to cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments. Other choices are incorrect because B-cell lymphoma typically presents with lymphadenopathy, Kaposi sarcoma with skin lesions, and wasting syndrome with severe weight loss and muscle wasting.
Question 5 of 5
An 18-year-old client who is pregnant has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and asks the nurse if her baby is going to be born with HIV. Which response by the nurse is the best?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV can be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. By stating that the baby could contract HIV before, during, or after delivery, the nurse is providing accurate information about the potential transmission routes. This response also emphasizes the importance of interventions such as antiretroviral therapy and preventive measures to reduce the risk of transmission. Choice A is incorrect because it provides a specific statistic that may not apply to this individual case. Choice B is incorrect as it deflects the responsibility of providing information from the nurse to the healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect because it downplays the significance of early interventions in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.