ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
True for dengue fever?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vector infective for life. Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. Once a mosquito is infected with the virus, it remains infective for the rest of its life, making it a lifelong vector for dengue transmission. This is why controlling mosquito populations is crucial in preventing the spread of dengue fever. Choice A (DNA virus) is incorrect because dengue fever is caused by an RNA virus, not a DNA virus. Choice C (Prefers polluted water) is incorrect as Aedes mosquitoes, the vector for dengue, breed in clean, stagnant water. Choice D (Joint symptoms more than chikungunya) is incorrect as joint symptoms are actually more common and severe in chikungunya fever, not in dengue fever.
Question 2 of 5
Client having bone marrow biopsy today. Priority action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ensuring a valid consent is on the chart is the priority before any procedure, including a bone marrow biopsy. This step ensures that the client has been properly informed about the procedure, risks, benefits, and has given their consent. Administering pain medication (choice A) should be done after ensuring proper consent. Having the client shower in the morning (choice C) is not a priority before the procedure. Premedicating with sedatives (choice D) may not be necessary or appropriate for all clients and should be decided based on individual assessment.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disease informs the nurse that the client has been experiencing a new onset of a dry cough and occasional shortness of breath. After determining that the client's vital signs are within reference ranges, what action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assess the client for signs and symptoms of infection. 1. Given the client's primary immunodeficiency disease, they are at increased risk for infections. 2. The new onset of a dry cough and shortness of breath could indicate a respiratory infection. 3. Vital signs being within reference ranges do not rule out an underlying infection. 4. Assessing for signs of infection allows for timely intervention and treatment. Summary: A: Administering a nebulized bronchodilator is not appropriate without assessing for infection first. B: Performing oral suctioning is not indicated based on the client's symptoms. D: Teaching deep breathing and coughing exercises may be helpful, but assessing for infection is the priority.
Question 4 of 5
A client's current antiretroviral regimen includes enfuvirtide (T-20). What dietary counseling will the nurse provide based on the client's medication regimen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Take this medication without regard to meals. Enfuvirtide is administered by injection and should be taken with or without food. It is not affected by food intake, so there is no specific dietary counseling needed. A: Avoiding high-fat meals is not necessary for enfuvirtide. B: There is no need to limit fluid intake for this medication. C: Limiting sodium intake is not specifically related to enfuvirtide therapy. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because enfuvirtide does not require any specific dietary restrictions or recommendations.
Question 5 of 5
A client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is admitted to the hospital because of chronic severe diarrhea. The nurse caring for this client should expect the health care provider to prescribe which medication for the management of the client's diarrhea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Octreotide acetate. Octreotide is used to manage severe diarrhea in HIV patients by reducing gastrointestinal secretions. It inhibits the release of serotonin and other hormones that contribute to diarrhea. Fluoxetine (A) is an antidepressant and not indicated for diarrhea. Levofloxacin (C) is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not for diarrhea. Valganciclovir (D) is an antiviral used for cytomegalovirus infections in HIV patients, but not for diarrhea management. Therefore, Octreotide acetate is the appropriate choice for this client's chronic severe diarrhea.