Treatment of hypoxia associated with hypercapnia should be:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hypoxia with hypercapnia (e.g., COPD), cautious oxygen via a Venturi device (A) is optimal. Hypercapnia reflects COâ‚‚ retention; high Oâ‚‚ (B) risks suppressing the hypoxic drive, worsening COâ‚‚ buildup and acidosis a danger in chronic respiratory failure. Intubation (C) is invasive, reserved for acute failure, not initial management. None' (D) ignores hypoxia's urgency. The Venturi mask delivers precise, low-flow Oâ‚‚ (e.g., 24-35%), correcting hypoxemia without over-oxygenation, balancing Oâ‚‚ saturation (e.g., 88-92%) and COâ‚‚ levels. This approach, rooted in respiratory physiology, prevents ventilatory depression, a key nursing consideration in titrating oxygen therapy for obstructive lung diseases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Most pulmonary metastases arise from glandular tissues (C e.g., breast, prostate, thyroid) adenocarcinomas favor hematogenous lung spread, forming cannonball lesions. GI (A) and GU (B) metastasize, but glandular primaries dominate (e.g., 40% breast). Pericardium (D) and brain rarely seed lungs reverse is commoner. This reflects vascular drainage, key in imaging (e.g., CT) and nursing for systemic therapy planning.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aspiration pneumonia ties to debilitation in elderly (C) impaired swallow (e.g., stroke) aspirates oropharyngeal bacteria (e.g., anaerobes), causing right lower lobe infection. Collaterals (A) are SVCS. Tracheal perforation (B) is mechanical. Elderly risk altered consciousness, dysphagia is key, guiding antibiotics and swallow therapy in nursing care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), an alkylating agent, causes cystitis, alopecia (D) metabolite acrolein irritates bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis), hair loss is common. Myelosuppression (A) fits methotrexate. Protein defects (B) are asparaginase. Neuropathy (C) is vincristine. Psychosis is prednisone. Cytoxan's bladder risk is key in nursing for hydration and mesna prophylaxis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sickle cell anemia's sedimentation rate is diminished (C) sickled RBCs (HbS) resist stacking (rouleaux), slowing ESR (e.g., <10 mm/hr) despite inflammation. Unchanged (A) or accelerated (B) fits normal RBCs. Variable (D) lacks specificity. None' dismisses. Low ESR, despite crises, is key in nursing for distinguishing from other anemias.