ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
To measure renal plasma flow we will have to measure: Renal blood flow first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal plasma flow (RPF) is measured directly using substances like para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), which is filtered and secreted, with clearance equaling RPF (around 625 ml/min). Renal blood flow (RBF) is then calculated from RPF using hematocrit: RBF = RPF / (1 - hematocrit). Measuring RBF first isn't required, making B (False) correct.
Question 2 of 5
In a man undergoing surgery, it was necessary to aspirate the contents of the upper gastrointestinal tract. After surgery, the following values were obtained from an arterial blood sample: pH 7.55, PCO2 52 mm Hg and HCO3- 40 mmol/l. What is the underlying disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pH of 7.55 (alkalosis), PCOâ‚‚ of 52 mmHg (elevated), and HCO₃⻠of 40 mmol/L (high) indicate metabolic alkalosis, likely from loss of gastric acid (Hâº) via aspiration, raising HCO₃â». Elevated PCOâ‚‚ reflects respiratory compensation (hypoventilation). Respiratory alkalosis (B) has low PCOâ‚‚, acidosis (A, D) has low pH, making C correct.
Question 3 of 5
Which statement by a patient demonstrates an accurate understanding about herbal supplements?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Herbal supplements lack standardization in the U.S. (D), as the FDA classifies them as dietary supplements, not drugs, leading to variable potency and quality. Herbs can interact with medications and other herbs (A), most aren't rigorously tested (B), and FDA regulation is minimal (C), making D the accurate understanding.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse preceptor asks the newly graduated nurse why it is essential for providers to employ a multifaceted approach when assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination. What statement made by the newly graduated nurse demonstrates an accurate understanding of impaired urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A multifaceted approach to impaired urinary elimination (e.g., history, symptoms, exams) provides comprehensive insights (D), enabling tailored interventions (e.g., catheterization, medication) for effective management. It doesn't simplify diagnosis (A), isn't history-only (B), and goes beyond streamlining (C), making D the accurate understanding.
Question 5 of 5
Concerning arterial blood pressure regulation:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prostaglandins, dopamine, and bradykinin dilate vessels (A), ADH, angiotensin II, and epinephrine constrict (B), and the balance with cardiac factors regulates BP (C). All are true—vasodilators lower resistance, vasoconstrictors raise it, and these with heart output set BP—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, correct.