This specimen is required to assess glucose levels and for the presence of albumin the the urine

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 24-hour urine daily output e.g., assesses glucose, albumin accurately, unlike midstream (spot), postprandial (post-meal), second (random). Nurses use e.g., diabetes for cumulative levels, per diagnostics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing interventions encompass a broad spectrum of actions aimed at meeting client needs, reflecting the profession's holistic approach. Holding the client's hand is a simple yet profound intervention that provides emotional support, comfort, and reassurance, addressing psychological well-being alongside physical care. Starting an IV is a technical procedure that delivers fluids or medications, directly impacting physiologic health. Educating clients empowers them with knowledge about their condition or self-care, fostering autonomy and health maintenance. However, diagnosing a medical condition falls outside nursing's scope, as it's a physician's responsibility to identify diseases based on clinical findings. Nurses assess, plan, and implement care based on those diagnoses, not make them. These interventions highlight nursing's diverse role from hands-on procedures to supportive gestures each tailored to improve client outcomes across physical, emotional, and educational dimensions, aligning with the profession's caring ethos.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ethical nursing research upholds participants' rights, guided by the 1985 ANA guidelines, still relevant today. Self-determinism ensures participants choose involvement freely, without coercion, respecting autonomy. Privacy safeguards their personal information and dignity, preventing unauthorized disclosure. Anonymity protects identity, ensuring data can't be linked to individuals, fostering trust. Fair treatment guarantees equitable selection and care, while protection from harm minimizes risks. A cure for illness isn't a right, as research seeks knowledge, not guaranteed outcomes. These principles self-determinism, privacy, anonymity, and more balance scientific goals with human dignity, ensuring participants are respected as individuals, not mere subjects. This ethical foundation is critical for credible, humane research, safeguarding vulnerable populations and upholding nursing's integrity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Arranging dental education for children targets health promotion, enhancing well-being through lifestyle choices like proper brushing to prevent cavities. This proactive step builds health habits, aligning with nursing's aim to protect and improve health before illness strikes, distinct from preventing specific diseases (illness prevention). High-level wellness seeks maximal potential, broader than this focused event. Reversal of self-care deficits involves therapeutic fixes, not education. Health promotion here empowers kids with skills brushing technique to maintain oral health, reducing future dental issues. It's primary prevention in action, leveraging community teaching to instill lifelong practices, a core nursing strategy for population health that prioritizes empowerment over reaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Teaching a diabetic client daily foot inspections is tertiary prevention, managing an existing condition to prevent complications like ulcers or amputations. Diabetes is chronic, and this intervention post-diagnosis focuses on reducing further harm by catching skin issues early, a common risk due to neuropathy. Primary prevention, like diet to avoid diabetes, precedes onset. Secondary prevention screens for initial signs, not ongoing care. 'Chronic' isn't a level. Nursing's tertiary role here empowers self-monitoring, critical since poor circulation masks injuries studies show inspections slash amputation rates. This aligns with chronic disease management, ensuring the client maintains function and avoids escalation, reflecting nursing's emphasis on practical, preventive care within an established illness.