This period marked the religious upheaval of Luther, Who questions the Christian faith.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Dark Period (16th-18th centuries) began with Martin Luther's 1517 Reformation, challenging Catholicism e.g., closing church-run hospitals. Unlike Apprentice (religious care), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (formal training), this era saw nursing decline as prostitutes and slaves took over, marking a low point before professional revival.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Comfort care at home nearing death is end-of-life care (A) dignity focus, per definition. Tertiary (B) advanced, promotion (C) well-being, managed (D) cost not end-specific. A fits terminal care, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The transtheoretical model outlines behavior change stages: precontemplation (unaware of need), contemplation (considering change), preparation, action, and maintenance. 'Perceived benefit' aligns with the Health Belief Model, not this framework, which focuses on readiness, not perceived outcomes. 'Peraptation' seems a typo, possibly meaning preparation, but isn't listed. Nurses use this model to tailor interventions, like motivational interviewing in contemplation, supporting patients through change processes effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a 6-year-old with potential motor skill concerns, developmental theory provides the best framework, focusing on predictable growth stages across physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains. Rooted in works like Piaget's or Erikson's, it assesses whether the child's skipping ability aligns with age-expected milestones, guiding the nurse to evaluate coordination, strength, or neurological issues. General systems theory examines part-whole interactions, like family impact, but lacks stage-specific focus. Nursing theory broadly directs care outcomes, not developmental norms. Adaptation theory addresses environmental adjustments, less relevant here. Developmental theory's emphasis on maturation enables the nurse to compare the child's skills to peers, plan targeted assessments (e.g., motor tests), and tailor interventions like physical therapy referrals ensuring care addresses the parent's concern within a child's growth context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Wearing an eye shield at night post-cataract surgery protects the operated eye from accidental rubbing or pressure, promoting healing a standard discharge instruction. OTC drops risk irritation, special glasses aren't always needed with modern lenses, and pain is typically minimal. Nurses teach this to safeguard recovery, ensuring clients understand its protective role.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anxiety +3 correlates to severe anxiety (B), where dilated pupils occur due to sympathetic activation, preparing for fight-or-flight. Optimal learning (A) fits mild anxiety (+1). Inability to communicate (C) is panic (+4), beyond +3. Palliative coping (D) isn't a symptom but a response. Severe anxiety (+3) impairs function, with physical signs like pupil dilation dominating, per anxiety scales, making B correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Distal radius fractures have specific names based on location and features. Hume fracture (choice A) involves the proximal ulna, not radius. Galeazzi fracture (choice B) pairs a distal radius break with radial head dislocation. Monteggia fracture (choice C) combines an ulnar shaft fracture with radial head dislocation. Colle's fracture (choice D) is a distal radius fracture, often with dorsal displacement, common in falls on outstretched hands, especially in older adults. D is correct, as it precisely names this injury. Nurses apply casts, monitor neurovascular status, and teach pain management, ensuring proper healing of this frequent fracture.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Primary prevention stops illness before it starts, key for older adults prone to infections. Teaching about flu vaccines promotes immunity, preventing flu a major risk as immunity wanes with age aligning with nursing's community education role. Prostate cancer and hearing loss screenings are secondary, detecting issues early. Memory clinic referrals are tertiary, managing dementia's effects. Flu vaccine education backed by data showing it cuts flu deaths in seniors empowers this group to act pre-exposure, a proactive step suiting a center's wellness focus. Nursing leverages this to reduce seasonal illness burden, ensuring older adults maintain health through accessible, evidence-based prevention, distinct from detection or treatment strategies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abdominal quadrants are examined RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ e.g., starting liver, appendix, spleen, colon for systematic coverage. Other orders lack this flow. Nurses use this e.g., in pain assessment for consistent, thorough evaluation, per clinical practice.