This period marked the religious upheaval of Luther, Who questions the Christian faith.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Dark Period (16th-18th centuries) began with Martin Luther's 1517 Reformation, challenging Catholicism e.g., closing church-run hospitals. Unlike Apprentice (religious care), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (formal training), this era saw nursing decline as prostitutes and slaves took over, marking a low point before professional revival.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Younger people have higher pulse rates e.g., 80-100 bpm vs. 60-80 in adults due to faster metabolism. Males post-puberty have lower rates (strength), digitalis slows (negative chronotropic), and lying lowers pulse (rest). Nurses note this e.g., pediatric norms per physiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abdominal quadrants are examined RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ e.g., starting liver, appendix, spleen, colon for systematic coverage. Other orders lack this flow. Nurses use this e.g., in pain assessment for consistent, thorough evaluation, per clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model (1960s) views humans as systems with seven subsystems like attachment e.g., adjusting a child's feeding to stress. Orem emphasizes self-care, Henderson needs, and Parse becoming. Johnson's focus on behavioral equilibrium helps nurses address disruptions, like anxiety in hospitalization, influencing pediatric and psychiatric care assessments.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Callista Roy's Adaptation Model (1970s) frames humans as open systems, interacting with environments e.g., mood lifts with praise. Unlike Levin's conservation, Neuman's stressors, or Newman's expansion, Roy's focus on adaptation to stimuli like stress management guides nurses in dynamic, responsive care across settings.