This patient care model works best when there are plenty of patient but few nurses

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Functional nursing suits high patient loads with few nurses by assigning specific tasks (e.g., one nurse for meds, another for vitals). This task-oriented efficiency, unlike team nursing's collaboration, primary nursing's continuity, or total care's one-on-one focus, maximizes limited staff. Though it risks fragmented care, its repetitive nature fosters expertise, making it practical in resource-scarce settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model (1970s) lists four modes: physiologic (body needs), self-concept (identity), role function (social roles), and interdependence (relationships) e.g., adjusting diet, self-esteem, work, and support. Subjective data isn't a mode but a data type, making it the exception. This framework guides nurses in holistic patient assessment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neutropenia contraindicates rectal temp e.g., infection risk from low immunity unlike unconsciousness (manageable), NPO (irrelevant), or young children (common practice). Nurses avoid it in immunocompromised patients, opting for axillary, per infection control standards, prioritizing safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Parallax error occurs when eye level misaligns with the mercury meniscus e.g., higher eyes read lower (false low), lower eyes read higher. Eye-level accuracy is key. Nurses position e.g., at meniscus height for true BP, per measurement precision principles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Florence Nightingale crafted nursing's first theory in the 1850s, emphasizing environmental manipulation e.g., sanitation in Crimean War hospitals cut deaths. Hammurabi (laws), Alexander (conqueror), and Fabiola (caregiver) didn't theorize nursing. Her work, like 'Notes on Nursing,' formalized the profession, influencing modern practices like infection control. Recognized as nursing's founder, her environmental focus remains a bedrock, shaping its scientific and caring identity globally.