There are 3 classifications of Anemia. What are they?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inadequate production of Hb. Anemia is classified based on the underlying mechanism causing decreased hemoglobin levels. Inadequate production of hemoglobin is one of the classifications, encompassing conditions like iron deficiency anemia. Decreased RBC production (choice B) is a broader classification that includes various causes like bone marrow disorders. Increased erythrocyte destruction (choice C) refers to hemolytic anemias where red blood cells are destroyed prematurely. Blood loss (choice D) is a separate classification related to acute or chronic bleeding. Therefore, the correct answer specifically addresses the primary issue of insufficient hemoglobin production in anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 2 and 3. Clopidogrel and dipyridamole are commonly used as prophylaxis for cardiovascular effects. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet agent that helps prevent blood clots, reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Dipyridamole is a vasodilator that helps widen blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing the workload on the heart. Ticlopidine, on the other hand, is not commonly used due to its side effects and potential for serious complications. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they include ticlopidine, which is not typically used for cardiovascular prophylaxis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Orthochromic Normoblast. This is the most mature normoblast stage before becoming a mature red blood cell. The orthochromic normoblast has a small, condensed nucleus and minimal cytoplasmic basophilia. Basophilic normoblast (B) is an earlier stage with a larger nucleus and more basophilia. Pronormoblast (C) is the earliest stage with a large nucleus and intense basophilia. Polychromatic normoblast (D) is an intermediate stage with a slightly reduced nucleus and residual basophilia. Therefore, A is the most mature normoblast stage among the choices provided.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Normal Adult Hb A is composed of two alpha and two beta globin chains. Step 2: Hemoglobin A is the most common type of hemoglobin in adults. Step 3: The correct answer, A, is alpha and beta, as confirmed in step 1. Step 4: Choice B is incorrect as epsilon is not a component of Adult Hb A. Step 5: Choice C is incorrect as delta is not a component of Adult Hb A. Step 6: Choice D is incorrect as brotherton is not a known component of hemoglobin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: IL-3. IL-3 is a multilineage cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of multiple blood cell lineages. It acts on various stem cells to promote the production of different types of blood cells. IL-1 is mainly involved in inflammation and immune response, not multilineage effects. IL-2 primarily regulates T cell growth and function. IL-4 promotes B cell growth and IgE production. Therefore, IL-3 is the correct answer as it is specifically known for its multilineage effects on blood cell development.