ATI LPN
Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The vasa recta creates the osmotic gradient in the kidney's medulla.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The loop of Henle (D), not vasa recta, creates the medullary osmotic gradient via countercurrent multiplication. Vasa recta maintains it, making D the correct clarification.
Question 2 of 5
When the nurse is caring for a patient who has had left-sided extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which assessment finding is most important to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A drop in urine output (D) post-lithotripsy suggests obstruction from stone fragments, a serious complication needing prompt reporting. Hematuria (A), pain (B), and bruising (C) are expected, but reduced output is critical, making D most important.
Question 3 of 5
A female patient with a suspected urinary tract infection is to provide a clean-catch urine specimen for culture and sensitivity testing. What should the nurse do to obtain the specimen?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This answer describes the technique for obtaining a clean-catch specimen. The answer beginning, “insert a short, small, ‘mini' catheter attached to a collecting container†describes a technique that would result in a sterile specimen, but a health care provider's order for a catheterized specimen would be required. Using Betadine before obtaining the specimen might result in suppressing the growth of some bacteria. The technique described in the answer beginning “have the patient empty the bladder completely†would not result in a sterile specimen.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled for a cystoscopy with basket (C&P) extraction of a stone. What is the most important postoperative care after this surgery for the nurse to provide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Measuring urine output (A) post-C&P ensures no retention from meatal swelling, a key concern. Weights (B) and AKI (C) are secondary, and limiting fluids (D) contradicts encouraging intake, making A the priority care.
Question 5 of 5
A minimum creatinine clearance of ___ mL per minute is needed to live without dialysis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A minimum creatinine clearance of 10 mL/min (B) sustains life without dialysis. 5 mL/min (A) is too low, and 15-20 mL/min (C, D) exceed the threshold, making B the correct value.