ATI LPN
Pediatric Immunity NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The use of epinephrine is contraindicated in clients who:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epinephrine has no absolute contraindications in the context of anaphylaxis, as it is a life-saving intervention. The benefits outweigh risks in all populations, including pregnant women (Choice A), immunocompromised individuals (Choice C), and those over 65 (Choice D). Relative cautions (e.g., cardiac disease) may apply in non-emergent settings, but in anaphylaxis, epinephrine is universally indicated regardless of patient status, making Choice B correct.
Question 2 of 5
Active immunity occurs when:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Active immunity occurs when the immune system produces antibodies in response to an antigen, such as after natural infection (Choice A) or vaccination. Choice B describes herd immunity, Choice C is passive immunity (e.g., immunoglobulin therapy), and Choice D, while a type of active immunity, is less general as it specifies recovery, whereas Choice A encompasses both infection and vaccination broadly.
Question 3 of 5
During a routine pediatric visit, a 12-month-old patient will need which of the following vaccines?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At 12 months, the CDC schedule includes Hib (dose 4), PCV (dose 4), MMR (dose 1), Varicella (dose 1), HepA (dose 1, with dose 2 at 18-24 months), and influenza (annually, 2 doses initially if first season). DTaP dose 4 is at 15-18 months, IPV dose 4 at 4-6 years, and RV completes by 8 months. Choice B matches the 12-15 month visit most closely. Choice C lacks MMR and Varicella, critical at this age.
Question 4 of 5
A 4-year-old child is receiving amoxicillin (Amoxil) to treat otitis media and is in the clinic for a well-child checkup on the last day of antibiotic therapy. The provider orders varicella (Varivax); mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR); inactivated polio (IPV); and diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines to be given. Which action by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotics like amoxicillin don’t interfere with vaccine efficacy or safety, so all vaccines (MMR, Varivax, IPV, DTaP) can be administered as ordered at the 4-6 year visit (Choice A). Choice B is unnecessary—live vaccines (MMR, Varivax) aren’t affected by antibiotics. Choice C is overly cautious, and Choice D (aspirin) is inappropriate due to Reye’s syndrome risk.
Question 5 of 5
A pregnant woman passes antibodies to her unborn baby through the placenta to protect against certain diseases. About how long does this natural immunity last after birth?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maternal antibodies, passed via the placenta (passive immunity), typically protect infants for about 6 months, though this varies by disease and antibody type (e.g., measles protection may last up to 12 months). None of the options (1, 2, or 5 years) accurately reflect this duration. 'None of the above' (Choice D) is correct, as the typical range is shorter than 1 year, often 3-6 months, per CDC and immunological data.