ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
The theorist who believes that adaptation and manipulation of stressors are related to fostering change is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model posits that individuals are adaptive systems interacting with a changing environment, where managing stressors fosters health and change. Nurses, per Roy, facilitate adaptation by manipulating environmental stimuli, aligning with the question's focus on stressor manipulation. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory emphasizes self-care abilities, not stressor adaptation as a change mechanism. Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory focuses on nurse-patient interactions to achieve health goals, not specifically stressor manipulation. Virginia Henderson's model defines nursing through 14 basic needs, prioritizing care assistance over adaptation to stressors. Roy's theory uniquely ties adaptation and stressor management to fostering change, as patients adjust to physical, emotional, or social challenges, making her the theorist best matching this description.
Question 2 of 5
The most important skill needed to obtain accurate information from your client is/are
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Good communication and critical thinking are paramount for accurate client information. Communication asking clear questions, listening elicits reliable responses (e.g., pain details), while critical thinking interprets them (e.g., linking symptoms), ensuring precision. Teaching and assessment are roles, not skills for extraction; teaching informs, not gathers. Cognitive skills and teaching experience overlap with critical thinking but miss communication's primacy experience aids, doesn't define. Psychomotor skills (e.g., measuring BP) collect objective data, not client perceptions. Together, communication and critical thinking unlock subjective insights, vital for a thorough, accurate assessment in nursing.
Question 3 of 5
In a hospital that uses Neuman's theory, a client is having difficulty in breathing and requires oxygen and medication. The nurse approaches the client to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neuman's Systems Model emphasizes strengthening lines of defense. For a client with breathing difficulty, secondary prevention intervening after symptoms (e.g., oxygen, medication) bolsters the flexible line of defense, reducing stressor impact (e.g., hypoxia) and restoring stability. Self-care goals align with Orem, not Neuman biological focus is narrower. Physiological adaptation fits Roy's model, not Neuman's defense focus. Henderson's 14 needs are unrelated; Neuman prioritizes system integrity. Secondary prevention targets active issues, aligning with Neuman's framework, making this the nurse's approach in this theory-driven care.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is the meaning of PRN?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PRN (pro re nata) means 'when necessary' in Latin.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse prepares IM injection that is irritating to the subcutaneous tissue. Which of the following is the best action in order to prevent tracking of the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Z-track technique prevents medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue.