ATI LPN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The term mucosa (mucous membrane) means:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the term mucosa (mucous membrane) refers to the moist surface lining of any hollow organ that communicates with the outside world. This includes organs like the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract. The mucosa serves various functions such as protection, absorption, and secretion. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: A nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium describes a specific type of epithelium found in certain areas of the body, but it does not encompass the full definition of mucosa. B: While mucosa may contain mucus-secreting goblet cells, this is not the defining characteristic of mucosa. C: Mucous glands may secrete their product onto the mucosa, but this definition is too specific and does not encompass the full scope of mucosa.
Question 2 of 5
The mesentery and lining of the peritoneal cavity, like the outermost layer of the digestive tract, consist of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: a serous membrane, or serosa. The mesentery and lining of the peritoneal cavity are composed of a serous membrane, which is a type of epithelial membrane that secretes a fluid to reduce friction between organs. The outermost layer of the digestive tract is also made up of a serous membrane, known as the serosa. This similarity in composition helps in the smooth movement of organs within the abdominal cavity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the mesentery and peritoneal cavity do not consist of a mucous membrane (mucosa), submucous membrane (submucosa), or endothelial membrane (endothelium).
Question 3 of 5
The whitish tips of filiform papillae consist of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: keratinized epithelial tissue. Filiform papillae are composed of keratinized epithelial cells that form the whitish tips on the surface of the tongue. These cells are designed to provide a rough surface to help with food manipulation. Collagen (B) is a structural protein found in connective tissue, not in filiform papillae. Mucous (C) is a secretion produced by mucous glands and is not a component of filiform papillae. Taste buds (D) are specialized structures responsible for detecting taste, located in fungiform and circumvallate papillae, not in filiform papillae.
Question 4 of 5
Lymphatic vessels within intestinal villi, which transport lipids to the circulatory system, are called:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: lacteals. Lacteals are lymphatic vessels found within intestinal villi that absorb dietary lipids and transport them to the circulatory system. They play a crucial role in the absorption of fats. Capillaries (A) are small blood vessels, ductules (B) are small ducts, and canaliculi (C) are small channels within tissues. These structures do not specifically transport lipids from the intestines to the circulatory system like lacteals do.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following epithelial types is most closely associated with passive protection, without specialization for either secretion or absorption, as in the esophagus and anal canal?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stratified squamous. The esophagus and anal canal are exposed to mechanical stress and abrasion, requiring a protective epithelium. Stratified squamous epithelium is ideal for this role due to its multiple layers of cells that provide durability and protection against wear and tear. Simple squamous epithelium (choice A) is too thin and fragile for this function. Simple columnar epithelium (choice C) is specialized for secretion and absorption, not for protection. Stratified columnar epithelium (choice D) is relatively rare in the body and not typically found in areas requiring high protection like the esophagus and anal canal.