The term 'leukopenia' is the medical term for which of the following?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Too few white blood cells. Leukopenia refers to a decrease in white blood cells. White blood cells are crucial for the immune system to fight infections. Easy bleeding and bruising (A) are associated with low platelets, not white blood cells. Too few red blood cells (C) is known as anemia. While white blood cells are important for immunity, platelets help with blood clotting, and red blood cells carry oxygen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: MCHC. MCHC stands for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration, which is a measure of the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells. In this case, a saturation of 32-36% indicates the concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cells. MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) measures the average volume of a red blood cell, MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) measures the average amount of hemoglobin in a red blood cell, and RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) measures the variation in red blood cell size. These parameters do not directly indicate the saturation of hemoglobin in red blood cells, making them incorrect choices for this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct treatment option for Wilson's disease is A: Penicillamine. Penicillamine is a chelating agent that helps remove excess copper from the body. It binds to copper, forming a stable complex that can be excreted in the urine. Riboflavin (B) is a vitamin and not used in Wilson's disease treatment. Trientine (C) is another chelating agent used in Wilson's disease treatment but is not as commonly prescribed as penicillamine. Potassium disulfide (D) is not a recognized treatment for Wilson's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dipyridamole. Dipyridamole works by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. This increase in cAMP levels potentiates the effect of prostacyclins, which inhibit platelet stickiness and decrease platelet adhesion to thrombogenic surfaces. Rationale: A: Sulfinpyrazone is a uricosuric agent, not a platelet anti-aggregant. C: Ticlopidine and D: Clopidogrel are both antiplatelet agents but work by different mechanisms (ADP receptor antagonists). They do not potentiate prostacyclins and do not directly affect cAMP levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the gradual accumulation of small mature B cells in the blood and bone marrow. B cells are lymphocytes that play a key role in the immune system. Choice A (T cells) is incorrect because CLL primarily involves B cells, not T cells. Choice C (NK cells) is incorrect because CLL does not involve natural killer (NK) cells. Choice D (Mixed) is incorrect because CLL is characterized by the accumulation of a single type of cell, specifically mature B cells.