The student studying pediatric integumentary problems learns that which are functions of the skin?(Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Regulates temperature set point. The skin helps regulate body temperature by dilating or constricting blood vessels and through sweating. This is essential for maintaining homeostasis. A: Assists in water retention - This is incorrect. The skin does not play a significant role in water retention; that is mainly controlled by the kidneys. B: Initiates tactile sensations - While the skin does initiate tactile sensations, it is not listed as a function in this question. C: Provides physical barrier - While the skin does provide a physical barrier, it is not the main function related to the regulation of temperature set point.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the foul odor is expected when using enzymatic debriding agents, indicating the breakdown of necrotic tissue. The nurse should explain this to the client to alleviate concerns. Choice A is not necessary as the nurse can handle the situation independently. Choice C is irrelevant to addressing the foul odor. Choice D is not indicated as antibiotics are not typically used for managing a foul odor related to enzymatic debridement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Infection. Sebaceous cysts can become infected due to bacteria entering the cyst, causing inflammation, redness, and pain. Infection can lead to abscess formation and require medical intervention. Keratin horn formation (B) is a rare occurrence associated with epidermoid cysts, not sebaceous cysts. Calcification (C) is not a common complication of sebaceous cysts. Ulceration (D) may occur if the cyst is traumatized but is not a typical complication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Cystic hygromas are lymphatic malformations that are typically located in the neck and are filled with lymphatic fluid. They are supremely transilluminable due to their fluid content, which allows light to pass through easily. This characteristic helps differentiate them from other neck masses. Explanation for other choices: A: They do not arise from the carotid body lymph sac in the neck. Cystic hygromas are not associated with the carotid body. B: They can be unilocular or multilocular, so stating they consist of a unilocular cystic mass is not entirely accurate. D: It is not inherently dangerous to treat cystic hygromas with alcohol sclerotherapy, but careful consideration and expertise are necessary to avoid complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ultraviolet light. Melanoma is primarily caused by exposure to UV light, which damages skin cells and increases the risk of developing melanoma. UV light triggers mutations in skin cells, leading to the development of melanoma. Age (A), Gender (B), and Ethnicity (C) are not direct risk factors for melanoma, although older individuals and those with fair skin are at higher risk due to increased cumulative UV exposure. UV light is the most significant risk factor for melanoma, making it the correct choice.