ATI LPN
Neurological Disorders in Medical Surgical Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 9
The sophisticated behavior of mammals and birds is directly related to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The large cerebrum in mammals and birds supports complex behaviors like problem-solving and learning.
Question 2 of 9
The myelin sheath around axons in the CNS is formed by ______:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes myelinate CNS axons; Schwann cells do so in the PNS. [Level: Knowledge]
Question 3 of 9
A female patient who had a stroke 24 hours ago has expressive aphasia. What is an appropriate nursing intervention to help the patient communicate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Expressive aphasia impairs speech output; yes/no questions aid communication. B/C are therapy, D undermines autonomy. [Level: Application]
Question 4 of 9
The undershoot or after-hyperpolarization phase of an action potential is mainly due to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess K+ efflux causes temporary hyperpolarization below resting potential. [Level: Knowledge]
Question 5 of 9
A female patient who had a stroke 24 hours ago has expressive aphasia. An appropriate nursing intervention to help the patient communicate is to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Communication will be facilitated and less frustrating to the patient when questions that require a 'yes' or 'no' response are used. When the language areas of the brain are injured, the patient might not be able to read or recite words, which will frustrate the patient without improving communication. Expressive aphasia is caused by damage to the language areas of the brain, not by the areas that control the motor aspects of speech. The nurse should allow time for the patient to respond.
Question 6 of 9
The release of neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse in the central nervous system is dependent upon which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium influx through voltage-gated channels in the presynaptic terminal triggers neurotransmitter release. TMP13 p. 582
Question 7 of 9
Under low or reduced light conditions, which chemical compound is responsible for the inward-directed sodium current in the outer segments of the photoreceptors?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In low light, high cGMP levels keep sodium channels open, causing the dark current. TMP13 pp. 650-651
Question 8 of 9
The primary visual cortex, involved in visual perception, is located in the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary visual cortex, in the occipital lobe, processes visual input. [Level: Knowledge]
Question 9 of 9
Action potentials normally travel along an axon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Action potentials propagate unidirectionally from the axon hillock (near the cell body) toward the axon terminals, away from the soma.