The sister of a patient diagnosed with BRCA gene¢â‚¬"related breast cancer asks the nurse, 'Do you think I should be tested for the gene?' Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because genetic testing for the BRCA gene involves complex considerations beyond just the test results. By stating that there are many things to consider before deciding to have genetic testing, the nurse acknowledges the importance of discussing the potential implications of the test result, such as emotional, social, and medical factors. This response promotes informed decision-making and empowers the patient to make a well-considered choice. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: This statement is inaccurate as a significant proportion of breast cancers are indeed linked to the BRCA gene mutations. B: This response oversimplifies the decision-making process by focusing solely on emotional aspects, neglecting other critical factors that should be considered before genetic testing. D: This option is not appropriate as it suggests a specific treatment option (bilateral mastectomy) without addressing the broader aspects of genetic testing and decision-making.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Atorvastatin is a statin medication commonly known to potentially cause liver damage. 2. Monitoring liver function tests periodically helps assess for any liver abnormalities. 3. Elevated liver enzymes may indicate liver injury from atorvastatin. 4. Monitoring liver function tests allows for early detection and management of adverse effects. Summary: A: Monitoring liver function tests is crucial due to atorvastatin's potential hepatotoxicity. B: Complete blood count is not typically affected by atorvastatin. C: Blood glucose levels are not directly related to atorvastatin use. D: Serum potassium is not specifically monitored for atorvastatin-related adverse effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Numbness and tingling around the mouth. This finding indicates potential hypocalcemia, a common complication post-thyroidectomy due to inadvertent removal of parathyroid glands. Immediate intervention is necessary to prevent severe hypocalcemia symptoms like tetany and seizures. Hoarse voice (A) and difficulty swallowing (B) are expected post-thyroidectomy due to surgical trauma, while sore throat (D) is common from intubation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right upper quadrant pain. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, typically caused by gallstones. The gallbladder is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, so pain in this area is a common symptom. The pain may also radiate to the back or right shoulder. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not typically align with the specific location of the gallbladder or the characteristic pain associated with cholecystitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoid exposing the treated area to sunlight. This is important because radiation therapy can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, leading to increased risk of sunburn and skin damage. Sun exposure can worsen skin reactions and delay healing. Choice A is incorrect because heat sources like heating pads can exacerbate skin irritation. Choice B is incorrect as alcohol-based lotions can further irritate the skin. Choice D is incorrect as hot water and strong soap can be too harsh on the sensitive skin. Overall, protecting the treated area from sunlight is crucial for optimal skin care during radiation therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The rationale is that radioactive iodine therapy can harm a developing fetus, so patients should avoid close contact with pregnant women for one week. Choice B is incorrect as iodine supplements can interfere with the therapy. Choice C is incorrect as fluid intake should not be restricted unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider. Choice D is incorrect as there is no need to use disposable utensils for all meals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To reduce nitrogenous waste. In renal failure, the kidneys cannot effectively filter waste products like urea and creatinine, leading to their accumulation in the blood. A low-protein diet reduces the production of these nitrogenous wastes, lessening the burden on the kidneys. A low-protein diet does not directly prevent fluid overload (A), maintain electrolyte balance (C), or prevent hyperglycemia (D) in renal failure. These functions are typically managed through other dietary modifications and treatments specific to each condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Limit foods high in protein. Levodopa competes with amino acids for absorption in the small intestine, so consuming high-protein foods can reduce its effectiveness. Limiting protein intake can help maximize the absorption and efficacy of levodopa. Increasing vitamin C (option A) is not directly related to levodopa metabolism. Avoiding fiber (option C) is not necessary for levodopa therapy. Increasing sodium intake (option D) is not indicated for levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To relieve abdominal pressure. Paracentesis is performed to drain excess fluid from the abdominal cavity, which helps alleviate symptoms like abdominal distension and discomfort in clients with ascites. It does not serve the purpose of diagnosing liver disease (A), assessing kidney function (C), or reducing blood pressure (D). The primary goal of paracentesis in this context is to provide symptomatic relief by removing the accumulated fluid, thereby reducing pressure on surrounding organs and improving the client's comfort and overall well-being.