ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The single most effective health promotion activity that a nurse could teach a group of community-dwelling senior citizens that would most likely help them prevent influenza and pneumonia would be which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most effective health promotion for seniors to prevent influenza and pneumonia is getting an annual flu vaccine. It primes immunity against prevalent strains, reducing infection risk by up to 60% when matched, and lowers pneumonia odds a common flu complication in older adults with waning immunity. Exercise boosts general health but doesn't target flu-specific prevention. Hand washing curbs germ spread but lacks the proactive immunity of vaccination. Avoiding crowds reduces exposure yet isn't as reliable or comprehensive as the vaccine, especially for community-dwellers. The nurse emphasizes this annual shot, often high-dose for seniors, as the gold standard, per CDC, offering direct protection against flu's severe outcomes, critical for this high-risk group's respiratory health.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding asthma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atopic asthma (C) is the most common type, driven by allergens'. Choice A is false; asthma has increased in the Western world over 30 years. Choice B is incorrect; intrinsic asthma is non-allergic (e.g., viral), while extrinsic is allergen-induced. Choice D is wrong; T_H2 cells (not T_H1) dominate, promoting IgE via IL-4/IL-13 (T_H1 inhibits). Choice E (bronchiolitis obliterans) is bronchitis-related. Page 723 confirms C's prevalence atopy's IgE-mediated hypersensitivity underlies most cases, unlike A's trend or D's cell error.
Question 3 of 5
In rheumatoid arthritis patients, the lung can be affected by the following conditions except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Squamous metaplasia of the bronchi (D) is not a typical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lung feature. Choice A (chronic pleuritis) is common. Choice B (interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis) affects 40% of RA patients. Choice C (rheumatoid nodules) occurs in lung parenchyma. Choice E (pulmonary hypertension) is secondary. Page 731 lists RA's lung effects pleural, interstitial, and nodular but bronchial metaplasia, tied to smoking or bronchitis, isn't RA-specific, making D the exception.
Question 4 of 5
Smoking is associated with (old paper, but only one answer from it)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is associated with particle deposition in alveolar macrophages (D), e.g., 'smokers' macrophages'. Choice A is false; mesothelioma isn't smoking-related (asbestos-driven). Choice B is incorrect; smoking causes interstitial diseases (e.g., DIP) too. Choice C is wrong; liver disease isn't linked. Choice E (Loffler) is unrelated. Page 740 notes D's hallmark carbon-laden macrophages in smokers' lungs, distinguishing it over A's cancer link or B's exclusion.
Question 5 of 5
In bacterial pneumonia (old paper)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patchy consolidation dominates bronchopneumonia (A), reflecting multifocal spread. Choice B is false; lobar patterns depend on pathogen spread, not anatomy alone. Choice C is incorrect; Klebsiella is occasional, not common (S pneumoniae leads). Choice D is wrong; macrophages, not lymphocytes, clear alveoli. Choice E (nasopharynx defense) is true. Page 749 defines A's morphology bronchial-centric patches contrast with lobar consolidation, distinguishing it over B's variation or D's clearance error.