ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The second heart sound ('dupp') occurs when semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) close, marking the end of ventricular systole as ventricular pressure drops below arterial pressure, halting ejection. Valvular stenosis is a condition, not an event. Semilunar valves opening starts systole, tied to the first sound ('lub') with AV valve closure. AV closing precedes systole, not the second sound. This 'dupp,' sharper and higher-pitched, reflects elastic recoil of closed valves, a key auscultatory marker in the cardiac cycle, critical for timing and diagnosing valve issues like regurgitation.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is not an atrioventricular valve?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The aortic valve, a semilunar valve, isn't atrioventricular (AV) it guards the aorta from the left ventricle, not atrium-to-ventricle. Mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid are AV valves, linking atria to ventricles. This distinction semilunar versus cuspid defines flow roles, key in valve disease like aortic stenosis, a clear anatomical category.
Question 3 of 5
The organ of the respiratory system that is kept open by rings of cartilage is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The trachea (D) is kept open by C-shaped cartilage rings (16-20), per the key, ensuring airflow (e.g., 6 L/min). The nose (A) has cartilage but not rings for patency. The pharynx (B) lacks cartilage, collapsing without muscle tone. The larynx (C) has cartilage (e.g., thyroid) but not rings. Tracheal rings (1 cm wide) resist collapse under negative pressure (-20 mmHg inspiration), per physiology unlike A's flexible structure, B's muscular tube, or C's vocal framework, D's rigidity maintains the airway.
Question 4 of 5
For the hospitalized client, which manifestation would the nurse assess to be a symptom of pulmonary embolism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Abrupt dyspnea and apprehension (C) are PE symptoms, per document (3). Sudden clot occlusion (e.g., 50% pulmonary artery) drops ventilation (V/Q mismatch), spiking dyspnea (RR >30) and anxiety (fight-or-flight). Slow HR/RR (A) is gradual, not PE. Upper cyanosis (B) is rare central more likely. Wheezing (D) fits asthma. C's acuity onset <5 min flags PE's lethality (10% mortality), unlike A's chronicity.
Question 5 of 5
The parents of a child with asthma are learning about performing postural drainage exercises. The nurse should teach them to perform which action before performing the exercises?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bronchodilator (A) before postural drainage opens airways, per document (1). Albuterol (e.g., 2 puffs) relaxes bronchi (FEVâ‚ up 15%), easing mucus drainage (50 mL). Clothes (B) or suction (D) don't prep lungs. Antibiotics (C) treat infection, not drainage. A's action 5-10 min onset optimizes CPT, unlike B's irrelevance, per ATS.