The school nurse is talking to fifth graders about the use of tissues when blowing one's nose. Which cause of a runny nose should the nurse include in the teaching session?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A runny nose during flu stems from cells lining the respiratory passages dying due to viral attack, releasing fluid and sparking inflammation that boosts mucus production. This immune response traps and expels the virus, a concept fifth graders can grasp as the body's defense, making tissues essential for hygiene. Drinking water hydrates but doesn't cause runny noses excess fluid isn't secreted nasally. Lack of coughing or sneezing might worsen congestion but isn't the trigger mucus forms from infection, not clearance failure. Viruses don't ‘melt' into fluid; they're already microscopic, and fever aids immunity, not liquefaction. The nurse uses this cellular explanation to connect symptoms to infection, encouraging tissue use to manage mucus and curb germ spread, tailoring the lesson to young learners' understanding of flu's effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) has no known etiology (B), with radiological and clinical parallels to ARDS'. Choice A is false; mean age is 50, not 30. Choice C is incorrect; it affects men and women equally. Choice D is wrong; it follows a short respiratory illness (<3 weeks), not urinary infections. Choice E (50% mortality) is true but not listed. Page 716 describes AIP as idiopathic, rapidly progressive, with 50% mortality, distinguishing B as the correct feature its unknown cause aligns with ARDS-like diffuse alveolar damage, unlike A's age error or D's unrelated trigger.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased submucosal gland size (D) is not a hallmark of asthma; it's seen in chronic bronchitis. Choice A (Curschmann spirals mucus plugs with epithelium) is true. Choice B (Charcot-Leyden crystals eosinophil protein) is correct. Choice C (thickened basement membrane with inflammation) is typical. Choice E (eosinophils/mast cells) is asthma-specific. Page 726 lists asthma's features bronchial inflammation, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and mucus plugs but submucosal glands hypertrophy in bronchitis, not asthma, making D the exception.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) causes coal nodules (C), larger than macules. Choice A is false; unlike silicosis, it doesn't increase TB risk. Choice B is incorrect; complicated CWP is uncommon (<10%), not universal. Choice D is wrong; anthracosis (mild) affects urban dwellers/smokers, not just coal workers. Choice E (no cancer link) is true. Page 734 details C's morphology nodules from dust aggregation distinguish it over A's TB link or B's prevalence error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulmonary embolism (PE) can complicate central venous lines (D), via catheter-related thrombi. Choice A is true; in situ pulmonary thrombi are rare (most are embolic). Choice B is correct; 30% of burn deaths involve PE. Choice C is accurate; PE causes ≈10% of hospital deaths. Choice E (all true) is redundant. Page 742 confirms D's clinical relevance lines increase venous thromboembolism risk, aligning with A-C's epidemiology, making it a key feature.