ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The saclike structure around the heart is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pericardium, a saclike structure, encases the heart fibrous pericardium anchors it, serous layers (parietal, visceral/epicardium) reduce friction. The epicardium is the heart's outer layer within this sac, myocardium the muscle, endocardium the inner lining. This sac's dual role protection, lubrication is vital, key in pericardial diseases like tamponade, a fundamental cardiac enclosure in anatomy.
Question 2 of 5
What explanation should the nurse give to a client and family regarding the development of COPD in a young adult?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (A) causes early COPD (document: 1), per ATS 1% of cases, onset <40 years. AAT protects alveoli from elastase; deficiency (e.g., ZZ genotype) yields panacinar emphysema. Childhood smoking (B) or secondhand smoke (C) accelerates COPD but typically later (50s). Smokeless tobacco (D) affects oral health, not lungs. A's genetic basis AAT <11 μmol/L explains rapid destruction (FEV₠<50%), distinguishing it from B's or C's environmental latency.
Question 3 of 5
A client newly diagnosed with asthma has infrequent acute episodes. The nurse should teach the client that which medication is most effective for providing quick relief in acute episodes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA, e.g., albuterol) (B) relieves acute asthma fast, per document (implied 2). SABAs relax bronchial smooth muscle (FEVâ‚ up 15% in 5 min), easing dyspnea (RR <20). Corticosteroids (A) reduce inflammation long-term, not acutely. Anti-inflammatories (C) prevent, not relieve. Daily bronchodilators (D) are maintenance. B's rapid onset peak 30 min distinguishes it from A's delay, per GINA guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
A 6-year-old child is hospitalized following an acute asthmatic episode. Which statement by the parents indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quit the swim team' (B) shows misunderstanding, per document (2). Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is managed cromolyn (A) or albuterol pre-exercise (D) cut symptoms (80% efficacy). EIA (C) is common (10-15% kids). Swimming often helps asthma. B's restriction unlike A's prevention ignores control options, per GINA, needing correction.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the body systems listed below cooperate to supply Oâ‚‚ to cells and eliminate COâ‚‚? 1) digestive system 2) cardiovascular system 3) urinary system 4) respiratory system 5) endocrine system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cardiovascular (2) and respiratory (4) systems cooperate to supply oxygen (Oâ‚‚) to cells and eliminate carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚). The respiratory system inhales Oâ‚‚, exchanging it into blood via alveoli (external respiration), while the cardiovascular system transports it to tissues and returns COâ‚‚ to lungs for exhalation. Digestive (1) provides nutrients, not gases. Urinary (3) excretes waste, not COâ‚‚ directly. Endocrine (5) regulates metabolism, not gas transport. Only 2 and 4 directly handle Oâ‚‚ delivery and COâ‚‚ removal, a synergistic pair essential for cellular respiration, key in physiology and conditions like COPD or heart failure disrupting this balance.