The proper interpretation of a positive reaction to a tuberculin test is that the person is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A positive tuberculin test (D) indicates sensitivity to tuberculo-protein from past or current Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induration (e.g., ≥10 mm) shows T-cell memory, not active disease (A), which requires symptoms or imaging. It doesn't confer immunity (B) latent TB can reactivate or susceptibility (C); it reflects exposure. None' dismisses this. Positive results, common in endemic areas, guide further evaluation (e.g., chest x-ray) to distinguish latent TB (90% of cases) from active, critical in public health and nursing for TB control and treatment initiation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hydrothorax pleural fluid from systemic pressure ties to congestive heart failure (B), raising venous pressure (e.g., right heart failure), yielding transudate. Friction rub (A) fits pleuritis. Thoracic duct rupture (C) causes chylothorax. Pseudomonas (D) links to empyema. Emphysematous bleb causes pneumothorax. CHF's fluid overload is key, guiding diuretics in chest nursing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In Polycythemia Vera (PV), there is usually no splenomegaly' (C) is false splenomegaly occurs in 75% from marrow overproduction (JAK2 mutation), but assuming intent, no true option fits perfectly. Erythropoietin (A) is low, not high autonomous RBC production. All lines (B) rise RBCs, WBCs, platelets. Arterial saturation (D) is normal. Hypoferremia (E low iron) is common from RBC demand. C's negation aligns with PV's triad, key in nursing for phlebotomy monitoring.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) RBC membrane defect best treated with splenectomy (C), removing the spleen (e.g., post-10 years) halts hemolysis, normalizing Hb (e.g., >10 g/dL). Iron (A) suits deficiency, not HS. Liver (B) is irrelevant. Intrinsic factor (D) is B12-related. None' dismisses. Splenectomy's efficacy, despite infection risk, is key in nursing for pre-op vaccines and post-op monitoring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thrombocytosis elevated platelets (>450,000/μL) associates with acute leukemia (A), where marrow overproduction (e.g., CML) or reactive states raise counts, though thrombocytopenia often follows blast crisis. Bleeding tendency (B), hemophilia (C), and idiopathic purpura (D ITP) feature low platelets, causing hemorrhage, not excess. Purpura simplex is vascular, not platelet-driven. Acute leukemia's erratic hematopoiesis contrasts these hypocoagulable states, key in nursing for monitoring counts and anticipating bleeding or clotting risks in malignancy.