The program that automatically loads once computer is switched on is stored in the

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The program that loads automatically when a computer starts is the firmware, typically the BIOS or UEFI, stored in read-only memory (ROM). 'ROM,' is correct because it holds this non-volatile code, ensuring it's available at boot, per computer hardware principles (e.g., Stallings' Computer Organization). 'RAM,' is volatile, losing data when powered off, unfit for permanent boot storage. 'Hard disk,' stores the operating system (e.g., Windows), loaded after the firmware initializes. 'Windows,' is the OS, not the initial boot program. ROM's non-volatile nature and role in housing the bootstrap loader, which starts the system before the OS, make B the accurate answer, distinct from volatile or secondary storage options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacokinetics studies how the body handles drugs—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). 'Pharmacokinetic,' is correct, aligning with this definition (e.g., Rowland & Tozer's Clinical Pharmacokinetics). 'Pharmacodynamic,' focuses on drug effects on the body, not movement. 'Pharmacotherapeutic,' relates to treatment outcomes, not processes. 'Pharmacognosy,' studies drug origins, not kinetics. Pharmacokinetics' emphasis on ADME processes—tracking a drug's journey—makes B the precise answer, foundational in drug development and dosing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Research problems arise from unresolved issues needing investigation. 'Resolved issues,' is correct as the exception because they lack the uncertainty or need for study that defines a research problem, per research methodology (e.g., Creswell). 'Recurring problems,' prompts research to find solutions. 'Gaps in the body of knowledge,' drives inquiry into unknowns. 'Personal experiences,' can inspire research questions. Resolved issues, already addressed, don't require further exploration, making D the accurate exclusion, reflecting research's focus on open questions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A sample frame is the list of all population entities from which a sample is drawn. 'Sample frame,' is correct, as per statistical methodology (e.g., Cochran), providing the sampling base (e.g., a hospital staff list). 'Sampling unit,' is an individual element. 'Sampling fraction,' is the sample-to-population ratio. 'Sample size,' is the number sampled. The frame's role as the master list ensures representativeness, making A the precise answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The radial head articulates with the humerus' capitulum in the elbow. 'Capitulum,' is correct, a rounded lateral structure, per anatomy (e.g., Drake's Gray's Anatomy). 'Trochlea,' articulates with the ulna. 'Glenoid cavity,' is in the shoulder. 'Olecranon,' is the ulna's part. Capitulum's specific radial fit makes D the accurate answer.