The process of grinding foods in the mouth?

ATI LPN

ATI LPN Test Bank

A. Mastication B. Churning C. Digesting D. Metabolism

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mastication is chewing, the mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth, making A correct.

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

A. skin B. kidney C. GI tract D. adrenal cortex

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The kidneys are the primary route for sodium excretion, regulated by hormones like aldosterone.

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

A. an increase in urine volume B. an increase in urine osmolality C. an increase in ADH production D. increased aldosterone secretion

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Fluid intake (e.g., beer) increases blood volume, reducing ADH and increasing urine volume.

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

A. urine volume B. ADH secretion C. aldosterone secretion D. the reabsorption of sodium ions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ANH promotes natriuresis, increasing urine volume to reduce blood volume.

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

A. ADH B. elevated potassium levels C. excess water intake D. elevated sodium levels

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: High potassium levels stimulate aldosterone release to restore balance.

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