ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The primary step in the diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sputum cytology (A) is the primary diagnostic step for pulmonary carcinoma non-invasive, it detects malignant cells (e.g., squamous or adenocarcinoma) shed into airways, with 60-80% sensitivity if repeated. Chest x-ray (D) spots masses but isn't diagnostic alone lacks cellular detail. Bronchoscopy (C) visualizes and biopsies but follows suspicion. Gastric aspiration (B) is irrelevant lung cells don't migrate there. Scalene biopsy assesses metastasis, not initial diagnosis. Sputum's simplicity and specificity make it first-line, key in early detection, guiding imaging or invasive steps in oncology nursing protocols.
Question 2 of 5
Match the following: 663. Superior vena caval syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Superior vena caval syndrome (SVCS) SVC obstruction shows collateral vessels (A), dilated chest veins (e.g., from lung cancer compression). Tracheal perforation (B) is traumatic, unrelated. Elderly debilitation (C) isn't specific. Collaterals bypass blockage, key in nursing for recognizing malignancy-driven SVCS, prompting radiotherapy.
Question 3 of 5
Match the following: 679. Vincristine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vincristine, a vinca alkaloid, causes peripheral neuropathy, myopathy (C) microtubule inhibition affects nerves, muscles (e.g., foot drop). Myelosuppression (A) is methotrexate. Protein defects (B) fit asparaginase. Cystitis (D) is cytoxan. Psychosis is prednisone. Vincristine's neurotoxicity is key in nursing for dose monitoring and neuropathy assessment.
Question 4 of 5
Sternal tenderness is a symptom of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sternal tenderness marks acute leukemia (C) marrow infiltration (e.g., blasts >20%) causes bone pain, palpable on percussion. Rheumatoid arthritis (A) spares marrow. Mononucleosis (B) lacks bone involvement. Endocarditis (D) affects heart. Leukemia's marrow crowding is key, guiding nursing for marrow aspiration and chemotherapy prep.
Question 5 of 5
In sickle cell anemia crisis the prognosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sickle cell anemia crises yield recovery with recurrence (B) vaso-occlusion (e.g., pain, HbS polymerization) resolves with hydration, oxygen, but HbS persists, risking repeat (e.g., 50% recur yearly). Complete recovery (A) ignores chronicity. Splenectomy (C) is HS, not sickle. Infection (D) or aplastic crisis kills, but most recover from vaso-occlusive events. Recurrence is key, guiding nursing for analgesia and trigger avoidance.