The primary respiratory center

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The medulla oblongata is the primary respiratory center e.g., initiating each breath via its neurons. Pons modulates, carotid/aortic bodies sense O2/CO2. Damage here stops breathing nurses monitor this e.g., in stroke for life-sustaining function, per neurological control.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Schulman and Mekler's moral theory (20th century) measures morality by intent and just acts e.g., Robin Hood's theft is immoral despite intent. Zderad's humanism, Benner's expertise, and Fowler's faith differ. Their focus on kindness and fairness guides nurses e.g., equitable care shaping ethical patient treatment and moral education.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy (1940s) crowns self-actualization realizing potential as mental health's essence e.g., a nurse finding purpose in care. Self-awareness (base), esteem (confidence), and worth (value) build to it. Nursing promotes this peak e.g., meaningful recovery aligning with psychological well-being goals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Remittent fever fluctuates above normal (38.5-40°C) e.g., typhoid without dropping to baseline. Relapsing (normal intervals), intermittent (to normal), and constant (stable) differ. Nurses track this e.g., six swings for diagnosis, per fever patterns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The pons houses pneumotaxic (rate) and apneustic (prolonged inspiration) centers e.g., regulating rhythm. Medulla sets pattern, carotid/aortic sense chemo changes. Nurses note this e.g., apnea for neurological assessment, per brain anatomy.