ATI LPN
Renal System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate, creatinine is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is the primary site for secreting organic ions like urate and creatinine. Specialized transporters in the PCT move these substances from peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen, aiding waste elimination. The distal tubule secretes H⺠and Kâº, while the Loop and collecting duct have different roles, making A correct.
Question 2 of 5
Nursing diagnoses mostly differ from medical diagnoses, in that they are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses focus on the patient's human response to health conditions (e.g., pain, anxiety, impaired mobility), guiding holistic care, whereas medical diagnoses identify the pathological condition (e.g., pneumonia, diabetes) for treatment. Nursing diagnoses aren't solely dependent on medical ones (A), go beyond caring vs. curing (B), and include physiologic responses, not just psychosocial (D), making C the key distinction.
Question 3 of 5
After completing a thorough neurological and physical assessment of a patient who is admitted for a suspected stroke, the medical-surgical nurse anticipates the next step in the immediate care of this patient will include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a suspected stroke, a CT scan without contrast (B) is the immediate next step to differentiate ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke, guiding treatment (e.g., tPA within 4.5 hours for ischemic). tPA (A) requires CT confirmation, neurosurgery (C) or Doppler (D) follows diagnosis, making B the critical diagnostic priority.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse notes an adult patient had a urinary output of 350 mL in one day. What term would the nurse use to describe this urinary volume?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as urine output less than 400 mL/day in adults (C), indicating reduced kidney function (e.g., dehydration, AKI). Normal output is 800-2000 mL/day (B), anuria is <100 mL/day (A), and polyuria is >2500 mL/day (D), making 350 mL oliguria.
Question 5 of 5
Renin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Renin catalyzes angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, leading to angiotensin II (C), which increases sodium reabsorption and vasoconstriction. It doesn't directly affect water (A), decrease sodium (B), or directly increase sodium (D), making C the primary effect.