ATI LPN
Hematologic System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The physician suggests that surgery be performed for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to prevent which of the following complications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pulmonary vascular congestion. In a patient with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the persistent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery can lead to increased blood flow to the lungs, resulting in pulmonary vascular congestion. Surgical closure of the PDA can prevent this complication by restoring normal blood flow patterns. A: Hypoxemia is not directly related to PDA but can occur as a consequence of the increased pulmonary blood flow. B: Right-to-left shunt of blood is not a common complication of PDA. C: Decreased workload on the left side of the heart is not a primary reason for surgical closure of PDA.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune response, not innate. 2. Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune response and kill virus-infected cells. 3. Macrophages perform phagocytosis and kill microorganisms, matching their function. 4. Erythrocytes are red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport, matching their function. Therefore, A is the mismatched pair as lymphocytes belong to the adaptive immune response, not innate.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into a lymph node?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: afferent lymphatics. Afferent lymphatics are the vessels that carry lymph fluid from the site of infection to the lymph node, allowing pathogens to be transported to the lymph node for immune response. Efferent lymphatics (choice A) carry lymph away from the lymph node, arteries (choice B) carry oxygenated blood, and veins (choice C) carry deoxygenated blood, none of which are the primary route for pathogens to reach the lymph node.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is aware that blood type O is considered the universal donor. This means all patients can receive blood type O. Knowing this, which of the following statements is correct. (Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the statement is incorrect. A client with blood type AB cannot receive blood type ABO, as ABO is not a specific blood type. Blood type ABO includes blood types A, B, AB, and O. Therefore, the statement is nonsensical and misleading. Blood type AB can receive blood types A and B, but not ABO as a whole. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they correctly state that a client with blood type AB can receive blood types A, B, and O, respectively.
Question 5 of 5
Which sickle cell disorder causes the most severe symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Sickle cell anemia is the correct answer because it results from inheriting two abnormal hemoglobin genes causing severe symptoms. Step 2: Sickle cell-thalassemia is incorrect because it involves a combination of sickle cell gene and thalassemia gene but generally milder symptoms. Step 3: Sickle cell-HbC disease is incorrect as it involves a different type of abnormal hemoglobin gene and typically milder symptoms compared to sickle cell anemia. Step 4: Sickle cell trait is incorrect because it results from inheriting one abnormal hemoglobin gene and usually has no or mild symptoms.