The physician has ordered a culture and sensitivity on a client with a suspected wound infection. The nurse should:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Obtaining the culture before antibiotics ensures accurate identification of the causative organism in a suspected wound infection cleansing with Betadine or prioritizing sensitivity first skews results, and stat requests don't alter sequence. Nurses swab correctly, preserving pathogen viability, aiding effective treatment and preventing resistance in wound care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the PICO framework Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome the 'O' represents the outcome of interest, the goal the research aims to evaluate. Here, nurses are studying immobilized stroke clients (Population) and frequent turning (Intervention) versus the current schedule (Comparison). The outcome, preventing skin breakdown, is what they hope to achieve, measuring success through reduced pressure ulcers or improved skin integrity. This focus drives the study's design, as outcomes like ulcer incidence rates provide tangible data to assess the intervention's effectiveness. Stroke clients define the group, turning is the action, and the schedule is the baseline, but preventing skin breakdown is the endpoint, critical for evidence-based practice in enhancing care quality for vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In Strader's seven-step decision-making process, after identifying the purpose, setting the criteria is the next logical step. This involves defining standards or goals like pain reduction or improved mobility that solutions must meet, providing a clear framework for evaluation. Deciding who's involved or enlisting client cooperation might follow but isn't immediate; the nurse must first establish what success looks like. Identifying solutions comes later, after criteria are set to guide options. For example, if the purpose is to manage a client's dyspnea, criteria might include oxygen saturation levels, ensuring subsequent steps align with measurable outcomes. This structured approach enhances decision-making precision in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Directing the care team is leadership (A) guiding delivery, per definition. Teamwork (B) collaborates, literacy (C) understanding, education (D) teaching not direction-specific. A fits the nurse's role for Mr. Gary, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The scientific method hypothesizing, experimenting, analyzing, concluding grounds research, offering a systematic, objective way to build knowledge. In nursing, it validates practices (e.g., hand hygiene efficacy), ensuring evidence is reliable. Evidence is research's product, not its foundation; it emerges from the method. Experience informs hypotheses but is subjective, lacking rigor without structure e.g., a nurse's hunch needs testing. Self-actualization, a Maslow need, relates to personal growth, not research's basis; it's irrelevant here. The scientific method's disciplined approach distinguishes research from intuition, enabling nurses to trust findings for practice (e.g., wound care protocols), making it the cornerstone of credible, reproducible research in healthcare.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Drooling, muffled voice, and fever in an 8-year-old suggest epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway emergency requiring immediate physician notification for intervention like intubation. Strep throat lacks drooling, laryngotracheobronchitis features a barky cough, and tonsillitis doesn't typically muffle speech. Nurses act swiftly, recognizing this triad as a red flag for rapid airway obstruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Increased ICP post-CVA shows Cushing's triad: bradycardia, hypertension, and widened pulse pressure. Pulse 50, BP 140/60 (A) fits this. B has high diastolic. C is near normal. D suggests shock. A is correct. Rationale: Bradycardia and widened pulse pressure reflect ICP's brainstem effect, a critical sign per stroke monitoring.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: General Adaptation Syndrome, by Hans Selye, describes stress responses: alarm (fight-or-flight), resistance (coping), and exhaustion (depletion). The Health Belief Model addresses behavior via perceived risks, the Transtheoretical Model focuses on change stages, and the Health Promotion Model targets wellness actions. In nursing, recognizing these stages helps manage stress-related conditions, like burnout or chronic illness, adjusting care to support adaptation or recovery during prolonged stressors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Numbness is typical of depression, not the anger stage.