ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The pediatric nurse understands that the most common cancer found in children is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute lymphocytic leukemia. This type of leukemia is the most common cancer in children, accounting for about 25% of all childhood cancers. It originates in the bone marrow and affects the production of white blood cells. Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma (choice A) is also a common childhood cancer, but it primarily affects lymph nodes. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (choice C) is rare in children and more common in adults. Ewing’s sarcoma (choice D) is a type of bone cancer that is more prevalent in adolescents and young adults, not typically in younger children.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has a Wilms’ tumor. Which of the following should be included in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Preparation for surgery. Surgery is the primary treatment for Wilms' tumor in children. The rationale includes removing the tumor and affected kidney to prevent spread. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Abdominal palpation can cause tumor rupture. C: Teaching about dialysis is not typically needed for Wilms' tumor. D: Obtaining a 24-hr urine specimen is not a priority in the immediate care plan.
Question 3 of 5
A preschool-age child is brought to the clinic by the mother, who says the child has been lethargic and anorexic lately and complains of bone pain. On exam, the nurse notes petechiae, joint pain, and an enlarged liver. Which diagnosis does the nurse anticipate for this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Leukemia. The child's symptoms of lethargy, anorexia, bone pain, petechiae, joint pain, and an enlarged liver are indicative of leukemia, a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. The combination of symptoms suggests hematologic malignancy, which is characteristic of leukemia. Hodgkin disease (A), Rhabdomyosarcoma (C), and Ewing sarcoma (D) are not typically associated with the constellation of symptoms described. Leukemia commonly presents with bone pain, fatigue, bruising, and hepatosplenomegaly, aligning with the child's clinical findings.
Question 4 of 5
The client has been diagnosed to have glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse observe in the urine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presence of blood in the urine (hematuria) is a common indicator of glomerulonephritis due to inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, causing leakage of red blood cells into the urine. White blood cells and glucose are typically not associated with this condition. Albumin is commonly seen in conditions like nephrotic syndrome, not necessarily in glomerulonephritis. In summary, observing blood in the urine is crucial for detecting glomerulonephritis, as it indicates kidney inflammation and damage.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing a patient’s chart and notices that the child suffers from a urinary tract infection. Which of the following microorganisms is related to this condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Escherichia coli. E. coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections due to its ability to colonize the urinary tract and cause infection. It is a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the gut. Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria, and Helicobacter pylori causes stomach ulcers, not urinary tract infections. E. coli's presence in the urinary tract can lead to inflammation and infection, making it the correct choice in this scenario.