ATI LPN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiac Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
The pediatric nurse examines a 5-week-old infant who has been observed having projectile, nonbilious vomiting. Upon palpation, the nurse feels an olive-shaped mass in the midepigastrum. Based on these data, which condition does the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Projectile, nonbilious vomiting and an olive-shaped mass in the midepigastrum are hallmark signs of pyloric stenosis , a condition where the pylorus thickens, obstructing gastric emptying. Rectal atresia , intussusception , and malrotation present differently (e.g., bilious vomiting or bowel obstruction signs).
Question 2 of 9
A 3-month-old should be able to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Holding head steady B is a 3-month milestone, per document p56, 5.
Question 3 of 9
Most common cause of severe mental retardation is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chromosomal disorders , like Down syndrome, are the top cause of severe mental retardation due to prevalence and impact (CDC). B-E are less frequent.
Question 4 of 9
The initial sign of nephrosis that the nurse might note in the child would be :
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Periorbital edema (B) is an early sign of nephrotic syndrome due to protein loss and fluid retention. Rash (A), fever (C), and pain (D) are not typical. Document: 'An early sign… is periorbital edema.'
Question 5 of 9
A nurse is following procedures for using pharmaceutical interventions for pain in the hospitalized child. Which of the following actions by the nurse needs further instruction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering pain medication, especially narcotics, without a second nurse violates safety protocols requiring double-checking, needing correction.
Question 6 of 9
A 2-month-old infant presents with poor weight gain and tachypnea. Chest x-ray shows cardiomegaly. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CHF features poor growth, tachypnea, and cardiomegaly, per AHA. A, C-E differ in x-ray.
Question 7 of 9
A 6-month-old boy appears with fever, wheezing, and respiratory distress following an upper respiratory infection (URI). Physical examination reveals bilateral wheezing, subcostal retractions, and nasal flaring. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bronchiolitis is typical at 6 months post-URI with bilateral wheezing and distress, per AAP. Asthma is rare this young, and A, B, E are less likely.
Question 8 of 9
A child with a history of cystic fibrosis appears with fever and increased coughing. Sputum culture reveals Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The next step in management is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IV antibiotics treat dual infection with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in cystic fibrosis, per CFF. A, B, D, E are inadequate.
Question 9 of 9
The best way to detect fluid retention in nephrotic syndrome is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Daily weight C tracks fluid retention, per document p14, 7.