The pediatric nurse examines a 5-week-old infant who has been observed having projectile, nonbilious vomiting. Upon palpation, the nurse feels an olive-shaped mass in the midepigastrum. Based on these data, which condition does the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Projectile, nonbilious vomiting and an olive-shaped mass in the midepigastrum are hallmark signs of pyloric stenosis , a condition where the pylorus thickens, obstructing gastric emptying. Rectal atresia , intussusception , and malrotation present differently (e.g., bilious vomiting or bowel obstruction signs).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Administering pain medication, especially narcotics, without a second nurse violates safety protocols requiring double-checking, needing correction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lead poisoning in children most commonly arises from ingestion of lead-based paint , often from old homes. Pencils use graphite, not lead; medications are rarely a source; and water can be contaminated but is less common than paint exposure historically.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A 90-degree angle (C) is standard for insulin injection in children, ensuring subcutaneous delivery. Six inches (A) is excessive, exercised sites (B) affect absorption, and intramuscular (D) is incorrect. Document: 'Children often find it easier to learn to inject the needle at a 90-degree angle.'

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Condom use (C) reduces STD risk, though not 100%. Vaccines (A) are limited (e.g., HPV), douching (B) increases risk, and the pill (D) prevents pregnancy, not STDs. Document: 'The use of condoms to prevent STDs is… recommended.'