The patient who underwent a bone biopsy yesterday calls the office thinking something is wrong. Which of the following would be cause for concern by the nurse? SATA:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because swelling and redness at the biopsy site can indicate infection, which is a serious concern post-procedure. Red streaks (B) also suggest infection, but swelling and redness are more immediate signs. A low-grade fever (C) is common after a biopsy and may not necessarily indicate a problem. Pain (D) is expected after a biopsy and doesn't necessarily signify a complication. Therefore, choice A is the most concerning symptom that requires prompt attention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplantation is considered the standard treatment for aplastic anemia as it aims to replace the dysfunctional bone marrow with healthy stem cells to restore blood cell production. This procedure has the potential to cure aplastic anemia by providing a source of healthy cells that can differentiate into all blood cell types. Antithymocyte globulin (A) and cyclosporine (B) are commonly used immunosuppressive therapies to help manage the condition but do not offer a curative effect. Transfusions (D) are used to alleviate symptoms of aplastic anemia by providing necessary blood components but do not address the underlying cause of the disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Confusion and agitation. In older people with anemia, decreased oxygen supply to the brain can lead to cognitive symptoms like confusion and agitation. This is more likely in older individuals due to age-related changes in the brain's ability to compensate for decreased oxygen levels. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: B: Increased thirst is a common symptom of anemia in all age groups due to the body's attempt to increase blood volume. C: Shortness of breath is a common symptom of anemia regardless of age, as it is a result of decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. D: Weak and rapid pulse is a common symptom of anemia in all age groups due to the heart working harder to compensate for decreased oxygen levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cryofibrinogen. Cryofibrinogenemia can cause a spurious decrease in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) due to the presence of cryoprecipitates in the blood sample, leading to underestimation of red blood cell volume. Cryofibrinogen does not actually alter the size of the red blood cells, but its presence interferes with the accurate measurement of MCV. Summary: B: Hyperglycemia does not affect MCV. C: Autoagglutination causes clumping of red blood cells, leading to falsely elevated MCV. D: High white blood cell count does not directly impact MCV.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Folic acid therapy does not cause sickle cell anemia. Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps in the production of red blood cells and is commonly used to treat anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder where red blood cells become sickle-shaped, leading to various health complications. Folic acid therapy is not known to cause this genetic condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because folic acid therapy does not lead to sickle cell anemia in any circumstances or age group.