ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The organs of the conducting zone of the respiratory system include all the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alveoli (D) are not in the conducting zone, per the key they're respiratory zone structures for gas exchange. The nose (A) filters/moistens air (e.g., 90% humidity). The trachea (B) and bronchi (C) conduct air (16 generations of branching), with cartilage/mucus clearing debris. The conducting zone (nose to terminal bronchioles) warms, humidifies, and cleans air (e.g., 37°C), per physiology. Alveoli (300 million) perform external respiration (600 mL/min O₂), not conduction. This excludes D its role in diffusion (0.2 μm barrier) contrasts with A's filtration, B's patency, or C's airflow, marking it as the exception.
Question 2 of 5
A child with laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is being treated in the ED. What should the nurse plan to do to ease resp. distress? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High-Fowler's (A), racemic epinephrine (B), corticosteroids (C), and calm parents ease LTB distress, per document (1). A (60-90°) reduces airway edema pressure (e.g., 10 mmHg drop). Epinephrine shrinks swelling (5-10 min onset). Steroids cut inflammation. Antibiotics (D) are viral-irrelevant. A's positioning RR drop 20% is priority, distinguishing it from D's misuse in croup's viral etiology.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse anticipates using postural drainage as a treatment modality for which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) uses postural drainage (C), per document (3). Thick mucus (CFTR defect) needs percussion (50 mL/day cleared), improving V/Q. Epiglottitis (A) risks airway closure drainage contraindicated. Aspiration (B) needs removal, not drainage. BPD (D) uses it less. C's mucus burden FEVâ‚ <60% makes it key, unlike A's swelling.
Question 4 of 5
As blood enters the systemic capillaries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As blood enters systemic capillaries, P_O2 in blood (~100 mmHg, oxygenated from lungs) is higher than in tissues (~40 mmHg or less, due to cellular use), driving Oâ‚‚ diffusion into cells (internal respiration). Tissue P_CO2 (~45 mmHg) exceeds blood (~40 mmHg), moving COâ‚‚ into capillaries. Equal P_O2 (D) or P_O2 matching P_CO2 (A) would stop exchange; lower blood P_O2 (C) reverses reality. This gradient ensures Oâ‚‚ delivery and COâ‚‚ pickup, a key step in systemic circulation, critical for metabolism and conditions like hypoxia where tissue Oâ‚‚ falls, reflecting capillary-tissue dynamics.
Question 5 of 5
A 7-year-old client is brought to the E.R. He's tachypneic and afebrile and has a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute and a nonproductive cough. He recently had a cold. From his history, the client may have which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute asthma fits this 7-year-old's presentation: tachypnea (36 breaths/minute, above normal 18-30), nonproductive cough, and recent cold viral triggers often precipitate asthma exacerbations in children. Bronchial pneumonia (B) typically includes fever and productive cough, absent here. COPD (C) and emphysema (D) are adult chronic conditions from long-term damage (e.g., smoking), unlikely at this age. Asthma's reversible bronchoconstriction causes rapid breathing and dry cough, especially post-infection, aligning with history and symptoms. No fever rules out infection-driven pneumonia, and youth excludes degenerative lung diseases. This diagnosis guides urgent bronchodilator use, critical in pediatric ER settings to reverse airflow obstruction and prevent escalation.