ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse will teach clients to use which of the following groups from the food pyramid in the greatest amounts?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrates like grains form the food pyramid base, recommended most for energy, over vegetables, dairy, or proteins. Nurses teach this for balanced diets.
Question 2 of 5
A client with sleep apnea requires positive pressure ventilation during sleep. Which oxygen delivery system would be most appropriate for this client to ensure continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A CPAP mask (D) is most appropriate for sleep apnea, delivering constant pressure to keep airways open, improving oxygenation and sleep quality. Nasal cannula (A), Venturi (B), and non-rebreather (C) don't provide pressure support. CPAP is the gold standard, per sleep medicine, addressing apnea effectively.
Question 3 of 5
A client hospitalized with chronic dyspepsia is diagnosed with gastric cancer. Which of the following is associated with an increased incidence of gastric cancer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Luncheon meats, high in nitrates and preservatives, are linked to gastric cancer due to their conversion into carcinogenic nitrosamines in the stomach, a risk factor supported by dietary studies. Dairy, carbonated drinks, and refined sugars may contribute to other health issues but lack a strong direct association with gastric cancer. Processed meats' chemical content irritates gastric mucosa over time, increasing malignancy risk. Nurses use this knowledge for dietary counseling, helping clients reduce exposure to such risk factors, enhancing prevention strategies alongside treatment for existing conditions.
Question 4 of 5
An 8-year-old is admitted with drooling, muffled phonation, and a temperature of 102°F. The nurse should immediately notify the doctor because the child's symptoms are suggestive of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drooling, muffled voice, and fever in an 8-year-old suggest epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway emergency requiring immediate physician notification for intervention like intubation. Strep throat lacks drooling, laryngotracheobronchitis features a barky cough, and tonsillitis doesn't typically muffle speech. Nurses act swiftly, recognizing this triad as a red flag for rapid airway obstruction.
Question 5 of 5
The physician has ordered a blood test for H. pylori. The nurse should prepare the client by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: No special preparation is needed for an H. pylori blood test (serology), detecting antibodies without fasting or isotopes unlike urea breath tests. Nurses convey this simplicity, reducing client anxiety, ensuring compliance with this diagnostic step for ulcer-related conditions.