ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse who is explaining the patho of COPD to a client includes the fact that alveolar destruction results in which manifestations? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alveolar destruction in COPD decreases surface area (A), increases dead space (C), and collapses airways (B) per document (1, 5). Emphysema reduces alveoli (300 to 150 million), cutting Oâ‚‚ diffusion (PaOâ‚‚ <80 mmHg). Elasticity loss (elastase excess) traps air (RV >120%), not emboli (D unrelated). A's gas exchange drop 50% less area drives hypoxemia, distinguishing it from D's vascular issue, while B and C compound dyspnea in COPD's obstructive pathology.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse wears gloves when assessing a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). After removing the gloves, what should the nurse's next action be?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene (D) post-glove removal prevents RSV spread, per document (4). Soap/water or alcohol (20-40 s) kills virus (10ⶠvirions/mL). Laundry (A) risks contamination. Inspection (B) is secondary. Reminding parents (C) isn't next. D's action 99% pathogen reduction upholds CDC contact precautions, unlike A's error.
Question 3 of 5
When we inhale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During inhalation, diaphragm and intercostal contraction expand the chest, increasing thoracic volume. This decreases alveolar (intrapulmonary) pressure below atmospheric (e.g., -1 mmHg), pulling air in, and intrapleural pressure drops (e.g., -6 mmHg from -4 mmHg), keeping lungs adherent to the chest wall. Both pressures decreasing aligns with ventilation mechanics pressure drops drive airflow and lung expansion. Other options misalign: increased intrapleural pressure would collapse lungs; increased alveolar pressure occurs in exhalation. This dual decrease ensures efficient inspiration, a core principle in breathing dynamics, critical for understanding lung function and disorders like restrictive diseases altering pressure gradients.
Question 4 of 5
The patient asks the nurse why the physician ordered beclomethasone (Beclovent) for his COPD. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beclomethasone (Beclovent), an inhaled corticosteroid, reduces inflammation in COPD airways, easing breathing by decreasing mucosal swelling and mucus production, which obstruct airflow. It doesn't prevent airway dilation (A) that's counterproductive; it enhances beta-agonist responsiveness, dilating airways indirectly. While it suppresses immunity (C), this isn't the primary therapeutic goal reducing inflammation is. It doesn't decrease responsiveness to bronchodilators (D); it may enhance it. The exact mechanism is unclear, but its anti-inflammatory action targets chronic airway irritation, a hallmark of COPD, distinct from bronchodilators' immediate relief. This explanation aligns with patient education, emphasizing improved airflow over side effects, critical for adherence and understanding treatment's role in managing COPD's progressive obstruction.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following outcomes would be appropriate for a client with COPD who has been discharged to home? The client:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Knowing to call the physician if dyspnea on exertion increases (D) is an appropriate outcome for a COPD client post-discharge. Worsening dyspnea signals potential exacerbation or hypoxia, requiring medical review empowering self-monitoring enhances safety. Promises (A) aren't measurable outcomes; pursed-lip breathing is a means, not a goal. Pain (B) isn't typical in COPD unless complicated focus is respiratory. High-flow oxygen at 5 L/minute (C) risks CO2 retention in COPD; 1-2 L/minute is standard to avoid suppressing hypoxic drive. Option D reflects understanding of disease progression, critical for home management and preventing readmission, a key nursing education goal.