The nurse washed hands before touching Mr. Gary. This is an example of?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Washing hands is infection control (A) disease prevention, per definition. Protocols (B) guide, promotion (C) well-being, informatics (D) tech not infection-specific. A fits the nurse's action to protect Mr. Gary, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Planning in the nursing process involves setting priorities to address patient needs effectively. Maslow's hierarchy of human needs provides a framework, ranking needs from physiological (e.g., breathing, food) to self-actualization. Nurses use this to prioritize life-sustaining needs first, such as oxygen or hydration, before addressing higher-level needs like esteem. The information processing model relates to cognitive psychology, not nursing priorities. Interpersonal theory focuses on nurse-patient relationships, not prioritization. The stages of illness model describes disease progression, not care planning. Maslow's structured approach ensures critical needs are met first, aligning with patient safety and recovery goals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lactated Ringer's contains lactate, metabolized into bicarbonate by the liver. In lactic acidosis, where lactate levels are already high (e.g., sepsis), this exacerbates acid-base imbalance, risking further acidosis. It's safe for hypovolemia, burns, or fluid loss, restoring volume and electrolytes. Nurses must assess patient conditions, avoiding this solution when liver function or lactate clearance is compromised, opting for alternatives like normal saline to maintain stability.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Stress from prolonged surgery triggers cortisol release, increasing potassium excretion via urine (aldosterone effect) and shifting it intracellularly, causing hypokalemia. Sodium is retained, calcium and chloride less affected. Nurses monitor for weakness or arrhythmias, replacing potassium to counter steroid-induced losses, maintaining electrolyte balance critical post-op.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Computerized documentation enhances accuracy, legibility, and rapid communication, streamlining nursing workflows and improving care coordination. However, a significant disadvantage is the concern for privacy, as digital records are vulnerable to breaches, hacking, or unauthorized access, risking patient confidentiality. Unlike paper records, which can be physically secured, electronic systems require robust safeguards encryption, passwords, and audits to comply with privacy laws like HIPAA. A breach could expose sensitive data, eroding trust and legal standing. Accuracy isn't a disadvantage; technology reduces errors compared to handwriting. Legibility is a benefit, eliminating misreads from poor penmanship. Rapid communication aids timely care, not a drawback. Privacy concerns, though manageable with security measures, remain a critical challenge, balancing efficiency gains against the ethical duty to protect patient information, making it the primary disadvantage in this context.