The nurse understood Mr. Gary's fear of surgery. This is an example of?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Understanding surgery fear is empathy (A) emotional grasp, per definition. Listening (B) engages, policy (C) rules, education (D) teaches not emotion-specific. A fits the nurse's connection with Mr. Gary's feelings, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Resource utilization optimizes available resources (B), per nursing e.g., using tools for Mr. Gary efficiently. Not wastes (A), not emergency-only (C), not all (D) resource-focused. B truly defines its role, supporting care, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Planning in the nursing process involves setting priorities to address patient needs effectively. Maslow's hierarchy of human needs provides a framework, ranking needs from physiological (e.g., breathing, food) to self-actualization. Nurses use this to prioritize life-sustaining needs first, such as oxygen or hydration, before addressing higher-level needs like esteem. The information processing model relates to cognitive psychology, not nursing priorities. Interpersonal theory focuses on nurse-patient relationships, not prioritization. The stages of illness model describes disease progression, not care planning. Maslow's structured approach ensures critical needs are met first, aligning with patient safety and recovery goals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lactated Ringer's contains lactate, metabolized into bicarbonate by the liver. In lactic acidosis, where lactate levels are already high (e.g., sepsis), this exacerbates acid-base imbalance, risking further acidosis. It's safe for hypovolemia, burns, or fluid loss, restoring volume and electrolytes. Nurses must assess patient conditions, avoiding this solution when liver function or lactate clearance is compromised, opting for alternatives like normal saline to maintain stability.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Stress from prolonged surgery triggers cortisol release, increasing potassium excretion via urine (aldosterone effect) and shifting it intracellularly, causing hypokalemia. Sodium is retained, calcium and chloride less affected. Nurses monitor for weakness or arrhythmias, replacing potassium to counter steroid-induced losses, maintaining electrolyte balance critical post-op.