The nurse should recognize that congestive heart failure (CHF) is which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because congestive heart failure (CHF) is typically a consequence of an underlying cardiac defect, such as hypertension or coronary artery disease, leading to impaired cardiac function. This choice accurately reflects the cause-and-effect relationship between CHF and an existing cardiac issue. Choice A is incorrect because CHF itself is not a disease related to cardiac defects but a condition resulting from them. Choice C is incorrect as CHF is not primarily an inherited disorder. Choice D is incorrect as CHF is not a result of diminished workload but rather an inability of the heart to effectively pump blood.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Have someone notify the emergency medical services (EMS) system. This is the most appropriate action because the child's lack of movement in response to requests indicates a potential serious injury that requires immediate medical attention. Calling EMS ensures that the child receives prompt and appropriate care from trained medical professionals. Choice A (Wait for the child’s parents to arrive) is incorrect because in an emergency situation like this, time is crucial, and waiting for parents may delay necessary medical intervention. Choice B (Move the child out of the parking lot) is incorrect because moving the child without proper assessment and stabilization could worsen any potential spinal cord or other injuries. Choice D (Help the child stand to return to play) is incorrect as it ignores the seriousness of the situation and risks further harm to the child. In summary, notifying EMS is the best course of action to ensure the child's safety and well-being in this emergency scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: neutrophil. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood, constituting about 40-60% of total leukocytes. They are key players in the innate immune system, involved in phagocytosis and killing of pathogens. Eosinophils (A) and basophils (B) are less abundant than neutrophils. Monocytes (D) are also important in immune responses but are present in lower numbers than neutrophils in peripheral blood.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: New influenza variants able to escape prior immunity regularly. This is because influenza viruses have high mutation rates, leading to the emergence of new strains that can evade previously acquired immunity. This phenomenon is known as antigenic drift, making it challenging for the immune system to recognize and respond effectively to the constantly evolving strains. A: Effective immunological memory fails to develop - This is incorrect as the immune system does develop memory cells upon exposure to influenza, but the issue lies in the ability of these memory cells to recognize and combat the rapidly changing strains. B: Immune responses to influenza involve innate immune mechanisms only - This is incorrect as both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in fighting influenza, with adaptive immunity playing a crucial role in generating specific memory cells. D: Influenza virus targets memory cells - This is incorrect as influenza primarily targets respiratory epithelial cells rather than specifically targeting memory cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood sample. Step 2: Low hematocrit level indicates a decrease in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Step 3: Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the body. Step 4: Lack of enough erythrocytes leads to anemia and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C: erythrocytes. Summary: A: Albumin is a protein in the blood, not directly related to hematocrit levels. B: Procoagulants help in blood clotting, not directly related to hematocrit levels. D: Agglutination refers to the clumping of cells, not directly related to hematocrit levels.