ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse provides education during the discharge of a client who has a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Which priority statement does the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a client with multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic condition causing neurological disability, discharge teaching prioritizes safety and adaptation. Scheduling an occupational therapist for a home safety assessment (A) is the priority statement, addressing risks like falls due to weakness or spasticity, common in MS. Daily exercise (B) benefits mobility but isn't the top concern without context of ability. Incontinence products (C) manage symptoms but don't prevent harm. Social support (D) aids emotionally but lacks immediacy. A is chosen for its proactive safety focus. Rationale: MS often impairs coordination and strength; a tailored home assessment reduces injury risk, aligning with nursing's emphasis on prevention and independence, critical for long-term management over symptomatic relief or support alone.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of meningitis. What clinical findings indicate an increase in intracranial pressure? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meningitis can raise intracranial pressure (ICP); bradycardia (B) is a classic sign of Cushing's triad (with hypertension and irregular breathing), indicating severe ICP elevation. Irritability (A) is early, not specific. Hyperalertness (C) contrasts with lethargy. Decreased pulse pressure (D) isn't typical. B is correct. Rationale: Bradycardia reflects brainstem compression from ICP, a late and critical sign requiring urgent intervention, per pediatric neurology standards, distinguishing it from earlier or unrelated findings.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with a spinal cord injury during the immediate postinjury period. Which is the priority focus of nursing care during this immediate phase?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the immediate post-SCI period, avoiding spine flexion or hyperextension (C) prevents further damage. UTIs (A) and contractures (B) are later concerns. Rehabilitation (D) is long-term. C is correct. Rationale: Spine stabilization is critical to limit cord injury progression, a priority in acute SCI management, per trauma protocols, ensuring neurological preservation over secondary or chronic care goals.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is tetraplegic following a diving accident and is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia due to a blocked urinary catheter. Which immediate nursing action is appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomic dysreflexia in tetraplegia from a blocked catheter requires removing the stimulus (B), e.g., unblocking the catheter, to halt the sympathetic surge causing hypertension. Medication (A) or elevation (C) treats symptoms, not the cause. Notification (D) follows. B is correct. Rationale: Relieving the trigger (catheter obstruction) stops the reflex, a priority per SCI emergency protocols, preventing stroke or seizure, unlike secondary symptomatic management.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with a traumatic brain injury who has a ventriculostomy in place. Which finding indicates a complication that requires immediate reporting?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Yellowish drainage (D) from a ventriculostomy suggests infection (e.g., meningitis), needing immediate reporting. Clear fluid (A) is normal CSF. ICP 18 (B) is borderline. Fever (C) is nonspecific. D is correct. Rationale: Infection risks brain damage, requiring antibiotics, per neurosurgical care, a critical complication.