ATI LPN
Urinary System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse performing the health interview of a patient with a new onset of periorbital edema has completed a genogram, noting the health history of the patients siblings, parents, and grandparents. This assessment addresses the patients risk of what kidney disorder?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PKD is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. Nephritic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, and nephrotic syndrome are not genetic disorders.
Question 2 of 5
Granular (juxtaglomerular cells) secrete ___ when there is a fall in ___ ion concentration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin (D) when sodium falls in the distal tubule, detected by the macula densa, activating RAAS. Chloride (A) is secondary, carbonic anhydrase (B) and ATPase (C) are unrelated, making D the trigger.
Question 3 of 5
Place the following in the correct sequence from the initial formation of urine to its elimination from the body: 1) Major calyx, 2) Minor calyx, 3) Nephron, 4) Urethra, 5) Ureter, 6) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urine forms in the nephron (3), flows to the collecting duct (6), minor calyx (2), major calyx (1), ureter (5), and urethra (4) (A). This sequence (3,6,2,1,5,4) traces filtrate from filtration to excretion, making A correct.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse assesses a client with renal insufficiency and a low red blood cell count. The client asks, 'Is my anemia related to the renal insufficiency?' How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kidneys produce erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production, linking anemia to renal insufficiency.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse reviews the laboratory findings of a client with a urinary tract infection. The laboratory report notes a 'shift to the left' in a client's white blood cell count. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shift to the left indicates urosepsis, needing urgent IV antibiotics after notifying provider.