ATI LPN
Renal System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse notes an adult patient had a urinary output of 350 mL in one day. What term would the nurse use to describe this urinary volume?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as urine output less than 400 mL/day in adults (C), indicating reduced kidney function (e.g., dehydration, AKI). Normal output is 800-2000 mL/day (B), anuria is <100 mL/day (A), and polyuria is >2500 mL/day (D), making 350 mL oliguria.
Question 2 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; water follows passively' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the proximal convoluted tubule (A), sodium is actively transported out, and water follows passively via osmosis due to osmotic gradients. The descending limb (B) is water-permeable, ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium without water, and collecting duct (C) adjusts water with ADH, making A the match.
Question 3 of 5
Incontinence refers to the inability to control micturition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Incontinence is the involuntary loss of bladder control (A), impairing micturition regulation, a true clinical definition. False (B) would deny this standard meaning, making A correct.
Question 4 of 5
True or False: The significant presence of red blood cells in the urine is normal and healthy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Red blood cells in urine (hematuria) indicate pathology (e.g., infection, stones), not normal health (B). True (A) contradicts this clinical sign, making False correct.
Question 5 of 5
A 32-year-old patient is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which information is most appropriate for the nurse to include in teaching at this time?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At 32, genetic counseling (A) is vital for polycystic kidney disease (autosomal dominant) due to reproductive implications. Transplantation (B), pain (C), and dialysis (D) are later concerns, making A most relevant now.