ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is told that an assigned client will have a fenestrated tracheostomy tube inserted. The nurse should provide the client with which information about this type of tube?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A fenestrated tracheostomy tube (A) allows speech by permitting air through the vocal cords. Rationale: The fenestration design supports phonation, aiding communication, unlike non-fenestrated tubes.
Question 2 of 5
A client is diagnosed with a brain attack (cerebrovascular accident, CVA). The baseline vital signs are a pulse rate of 78 bpm and a blood pressure (BP) of 120/80 mm Hg. The nurse continues to monitor the vital signs and recognizes that which changes in vital signs indicate increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased ICP post-CVA shows Cushing's triad: bradycardia, hypertension, and widened pulse pressure. Pulse 50, BP 140/60 (A) fits this. B has high diastolic. C is near normal. D suggests shock. A is correct. Rationale: Bradycardia and widened pulse pressure reflect ICP's brainstem effect, a critical sign per stroke monitoring.
Question 3 of 5
All organisms in an ecosystem are involved in the carbon cycle. Outline the roles of living organisms in the carbon cycle.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Plants fixing CO2 in photosynthesis (A) is a primary carbon cycle role, initiating the process. Animals (B), decomposers (C), and humans (D) follow. A is correct. Rationale: Photosynthesis converts CO2 into organic compounds, the cycle's foundation, per ecology, driving carbon flow through ecosystems.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a traumatic brain injury. Which assessment finding indicates that the client is experiencing Cushing's triad?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing's triad (hypertension, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia) from ICP is seen in BP 180/60, pulse 50 (A). Others (B, C, D) don't match. A is correct. Rationale: Triad reflects brainstem compression, a late brain injury sign, per neurocritical care, requiring urgent intervention.
Question 5 of 5
Using Strader's seven-step decision-making process, the nurse needs to first identify the purpose. What must the nurse do next?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Strader's seven-step decision-making process, after identifying the purpose, setting the criteria is the next logical step. This involves defining standards or goals like pain reduction or improved mobility that solutions must meet, providing a clear framework for evaluation. Deciding who's involved or enlisting client cooperation might follow but isn't immediate; the nurse must first establish what success looks like. Identifying solutions comes later, after criteria are set to guide options. For example, if the purpose is to manage a client's dyspnea, criteria might include oxygen saturation levels, ensuring subsequent steps align with measurable outcomes. This structured approach enhances decision-making precision in nursing practice.