The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-month-old infant about good feeding habits. The nurse emphasizes the importance of holding the baby during feeding and not letting the infant go to sleep with the bottle. Which disorder is associated with propped feedings and going to sleep with the bottle?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Otitis media. Propped feedings and letting the baby sleep with a bottle can lead to increased risk of otitis media, an ear infection. When a baby is propped up during feeding, there is a greater chance of liquid entering the middle ear through the Eustachian tube, leading to infection. All other choices (B: Aspiration, C: Malocclusion problems, D: Sleeping disorders) are not directly associated with propped feedings and bottle sleeping in infants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct initial nursing action is D: Apply direct pressure above catheterization site. This is the correct answer because applying direct pressure above the catheterization site will help control the bleeding and prevent further blood loss. Here is a step-by-step rationale: 1. Direct pressure is the first-line intervention for controlling bleeding. 2. It helps to promote clot formation and stop the bleeding. 3. Placing the child in Trendelenburg position is not indicated and can potentially worsen the situation by increasing blood flow to the site. 4. Applying a new bandage with more pressure can disrupt any clot formation and is not recommended as the first action. 5. Notifying the physician is important but should not be the initial action when dealing with active bleeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In Tetralogy of Fallot, the four structural defects are: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary stenosis leads to decreased blood flow to the lungs, ventricular septal defect causes mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, overriding aorta results in blood from both ventricles entering the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy occurs due to increased workload in pumping blood through the stenotic pulmonary valve. Choices B, C, and D do not include the correct combination of structural defects seen in Tetralogy of Fallot.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Obtain a therapeutic drug level. The rationale for this is that digoxin has a narrow therapeutic range, and monitoring drug levels is crucial to prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. By obtaining a drug level, the nurse can ensure that the infant is receiving the appropriate dose. A: Calling for a portable chest radiograph is not necessary for assessing the infant's heart rate in this scenario. C: Reassessing the heart rate in 30 minutes does not address the need to confirm the drug level for proper dosing. D: Administering digoxin immune Fab (Digibind) stat is a drastic measure for digoxin toxicity, which is not indicated based solely on the heart rate assessment at this time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: monocyte. Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are all examples of granulocytes. Monocytes, on the other hand, are agranulocytes, lacking these granules. Monocytes are known for their role in immune response and inflammation. Therefore, monocyte does not belong to the category of granulocytes.